神农本草经·中卷
玉石部上品
玉泉 味甘平。主治五臟百病。柔筋強骨、安魂魄、長肌肉、益氣，久服耐寒暑，不饑渴，不老神仙。人臨死服五斤，死三年色不變。一名玉札。
丹沙 味甘微寒。治身體五臟百病。養精神、安魂魄、益氣、明目，殺精魅邪惡鬼。久服通神明不老。能化為汞。生山谷。
水銀 味辛寒。主治疥瘙痂瘍百禿，殺皮膚中蟲虱，墮胎，除熱。殺金銀銅錫毒，熔化還復為丹。久服神仙不死。生平土。
空青 味甘寒。主治青盲、耳聾。明目，利九竅，通血脈，養精神。久服輕身延年不老。能化銅鐵鉛錫作金。生山谷。
曾青 味酸小寒。主治目痛，止淚出，風痺，利關節，通九竅，破癥瘕積聚。久服輕身不老。能化金銅。生山谷。
白青 味甘平。主明目，利九竅，耳聾，心下邪氣。令人吐，殺諸毒三蟲。久服通神明，輕身延年不老。生山谷。
雲母 味甘平。主治身皮死肌，中風寒熱如在車船上，除邪氣，安五臟，益子精，明目，輕身延年。一名云珠，一名雲華，一名雲英，一名云液，一名雲沙，一名鱗石。生山谷。
樸消 味苦寒無毒。主治百病，除寒熱邪氣，逐六腑積聚、結固留癖。能化七十二種石。煉餌服之，輕身神仙。生山谷。
消石 味苦寒。主治五臟積熱，胃脹閉。滌去畜結飲食，推陳致新，除邪氣。煉之如膏，久服輕身。一名芒硝。生山谷。
礬石 味酸寒。主治寒熱洩利，白沃陰蝕，惡瘡目痛，堅骨齒。煉餌服之，輕身不老增年。一名羽涅。生山谷。
滑石 味甘寒。主治身熱洩澼，女子乳難，癃閉。利小便，蕩胃中積聚寒熱，益精氣。久服輕身、耐饑，長年。生赭陽山谷。
紫石 味甘平。主治心腹欬逆邪氣，補不足，女子風寒在子宮，絕孕十年無子。久服溫中、輕身、延年。生太山山谷。
白石英 味甘微溫。主治消渴，陰痿不足，欬逆，胸膈間久寒。益氣，除風濕痺。久服輕身、長年。生山谷。
青石赤石黃石白石黑石脂等 味甘平。主治黃疸、洩利、腸澼膿血、陰蝕、下血赤白、邪氣、癰腫、疽痔惡瘡、頭瘍、疥瘙。久服補髓益氣，肥健，不饑，輕身，延年。五石脂，各隨五色補五臟。生山谷。
太一禹餘糧 味甘平。主治咳逆上氣、癥瘕、血閉、漏下，除邪氣。久服耐寒暑不饑，輕身飛行千里神仙。 一名石腦。生山谷。
禹餘糧 味甘寒。主治咳逆、寒熱、煩滿，下利赤白，血閉癥家大熱。煉餌服之，不饑、輕身、延年。生池澤。
雄黃 味苦平。主治寒熱鼠瘺，惡瘡疽痔，死肌，殺精物惡鬼邪氣百蟲毒，勝五兵。煉食之，輕身神仙。一名黃食石。生山谷。
玉石部中品
石膽 味酸小寒。主明目目痛，金創諸癇痙，女子陰蝕痛，石淋寒熱，崩中下血，諸邪毒氣，令人有子。煉餌服之不老，久服增壽神仙。能化鐵為銅、成金銀。一名畢石，生山谷。
石鐘乳 味甘溫。主治咳逆上氣，明目益精，安五臟，通百節，利九竅，下乳汁。生山谷。
雌黃 味辛平。主治惡瘡頭禿痂疥，殺毒蟲*，身癢，邪氣，諸毒。煉之久服，輕身、增年、不老。生山谷。
殷孽 味辛溫。主治爛傷瘀血，洩利寒熱，鼠瘺，癥瘕結氣。一名姜石。生山谷。
孔公孽 味辛溫。主治傷食不化，邪結氣，惡瘡疽瘺痔，利九竅，下乳汁。生山谷。
石流黃 味酸溫有毒。主治婦人陰蝕，疽痔惡血，堅筋骨，除頭禿，能化金銀銅鐵奇物。生山谷中。
陽起石 味酸無毒。主治崩中漏下，破子藏中血，癥瘕結氣，寒熱腹痛，無子，陰痿不起，補不足。一名白石。生奇山山谷。
凝水石 味辛寒。主治身熱，腹中積聚邪氣，皮中如火燒，煩滿。水飲之。久服不饑。一名白水石。生山谷。
慈石 味辛寒。主治周痺風濕，支節中痛，不可持物，洗洗酸痛，除大熱煩滿及耳聾。一名玄石。生山谷。
理石 味辛寒。主治身熱，利胃解煩，益精明目，破積聚，去三蟲。一名立制石。生山谷。
長石 味辛寒。主治身熱，四肢寒厥，利小便，通血脈，明目去翳，眇，去三蟲，殺蠱毒。久服不饑。一名方石。生山谷。
膚青 味辛。主治蠱毒，毒蛇，菜肉諸毒，惡創。一名推青。生山谷。
鐵落 味辛平。主治風熱惡創，瘍疽創痂疥，氣在皮膚中。 鐵，主堅肌耐痛。 鐵精主明目化銅。生平澤。
玉石部下品
石膏 味辛微寒。主治中風寒熱，心下逆氣驚喘，口乾舌焦不得息，腹中堅痛，除邪鬼，產乳，金創。生山谷。
青瑯玕 味辛平。主治身癢、火創、癰傷、疥瘙、死肌。一名石珠。生平澤。
礬石 味辛有毒。主治寒熱鼠瘺，蝕瘡、死肌、風痺，腹中堅，邪氣，除熱。一名青分石，一名立制石，一名固羊石。生山谷。
代赭 味苦寒。主治鬼注、賊風、蠱毒，殺精物惡鬼，腹中毒邪氣，女子赤沃漏下。一名須丸。生山谷。
鹵咸 味苦咸寒。主治大熱，消渴，狂煩，除邪，及吐下蠱毒，柔肌膚。大鹽，令人吐。戎鹽，明目，目痛，益氣，堅肌骨，去蠱毒。生池澤。
白堊 味苦溫。主治女子寒熱癥瘕、月閉、積聚、陰腫痛，漏下，無子。生山谷。
鉛丹 味辛微寒。主治咳逆胃反，驚癇癲疾，除熱下氣。煉化還成九光。久服通神明。生平澤。
粉錫 味辛寒。主治伏尸毒螫，殺三蟲。 錫銅鏡鼻，主治女子血閉，癥瘕伏腸，絕孕。一名解錫。生貴陽山谷。
石灰 味辛溫。主治癰瘍疥瘙，熱氣，惡瘡癩疾，死肌墮眉，殺痔蟲，去黑子息肉。一名惡灰。生山谷。
冬灰 味辛微溫。主治黑子，去疣息肉，疽蝕疥瘙。一名藜灰。生川澤。
草部上品
青芝 味酸平。主明目，補肝氣，安精魂，仁恕。久食輕身不老，延年神仙。一名龍芝。生山谷。
赤芝 味苦平。主治胸中結，益心氣，補中，增智慧，不忘。久食輕身不老，延年神仙。一名丹芝。生山谷。
黃芝 味甘平。主治心腹五邪，益脾氣，安神，忠信和樂。久食輕身不老，延年神仙。一名金芝。生山谷。
白芝 味辛平。主治咳逆上氣，益肺氣，通利口鼻，強志意勇悍，安魄。久食輕身不老，延年神仙。一名玉芝。生山谷。
黑芝 味咸平。主治癃，利水道，益腎氣，通九竅，聰察。久食輕身不老，延年神仙。一名玄芝。生山谷。
紫芝 味甘溫。主治耳聾，利關節，保神，益精氣，堅筋骨，好顏色。久食輕身不老，延年神仙。一名木芝。生山谷。
天門冬 味苦平，主治諸暴風濕偏痺，強骨隨，殺三蟲，去伏尸。久服輕身益氣延年。一名顛勒。生山谷。
术 味苦溫。主治濕痺、死肌、痙疸，止汗除熱，消食，化煎餌。久服輕身、延年不饑。一名山薊。生鄭山山谷。
委萎 味甘平。主治中風暴熱不能動搖，跌筋結肉，諸不足，久服去面*鼾，好顏色潤澤，輕身不老。生川谷。
乾地黃 味甘寒。主治折跌絕筋傷中，逐血痺，填骨髓，長肌肉。做湯，除寒熱積聚，除痺。生者尤良。一名地髓。生川澤。
菖蒲 味辛溫。主治風寒濕痺，咳逆上氣，開心孔，補五臟，通九竅，明耳目，出音聲。久服輕身，不忘，不迷惑，延年。一名昌陽。生池澤。
遠志 味苦溫。主治咳逆傷中，補不足，除邪氣，利九竅，益智慧，耳目聰明，不忘，強智倍力。久服輕身不老。葉名小草。一名葽繞，一名細草。生川谷。
澤瀉 味甘寒。主治風寒濕痺，乳難，消水，養五臟，益氣力，肥健。久服耳目聰明，不饑，延年輕身，面生光，能行水上。一名水瀉，一名芒芋，一名鵠瀉。生池澤。
署豫 味甘小溫。主治傷中，補虛羸，除寒熱邪氣，補中益氣力，長肌肉。久服耳目聰明，輕身不饑延年。一名山芋。生山谷。
菊華 味苦平。主治風頭，頭眩腫痛，目欲脫，淚出，皮膚死饑，惡風濕痺。久服利血氣，輕身耐老延年。一名節華。生川澤。
甘草 味甘平。主治五臟六腑寒熱邪氣，堅筋骨，長肌肉，倍力，金創，尰，解毒，久服輕身延年。生川谷。
人參 味甘小寒。主補五臟，安精神，定魂魄，止驚悸，除邪氣，明目，開心益智。一名人銜，一名鬼蓋。生山谷。
石斛 味甘平。主治傷中，除痺下氣，補五臟虛勞羸瘦，強陰。久服厚腸胃，輕身延年。一名林蘭。生山谷。
石龍芮 味苦平。主治風寒濕痺，心腹邪氣，利關節，止煩滿。久服輕身明目不老。一名魯果能，一名地椹。生川澤。
牛膝 味苦（酸）平。主治寒濕痿痺，四肢拘攣，膝痛不可屈伸，逐血氣，傷熱火爛，墮胎。久服輕身耐老。一名石倍。生川谷。
獨活 味苦平無毒。主治風寒所出，金創，止痛，賁豚癇痙，女子疝瘕。久服輕身耐老。一名羌活，一名羌青，一名護羌使者。生川谷。
升麻 味甘平。主解百毒，殺百精老物殃鬼，闢溫疫瘴邪蠱毒。久服不夭，輕身長年，一名周升麻。生山谷。
茨胡 味苦平。主治心腹腸胃中結氣、飲食積聚、寒熱邪氣，推陳致新，久服輕身、明目、益精。一名地薰。生川谷。
防葵 味辛寒。主治疝瘕腸洩，膀胱熱結溺不下，咳逆，溫瘧，癲癇，驚邪狂走。久服堅骨髓，益氣輕身。一名梨蓋。生川谷。
著實 味苦平。主治陰痿、益氣，充肌膚，明目聰慧先知。久服不饑、不老輕身。生川谷。
奄閭子 味苦小溫無毒。主治五臟瘀血，腹中水氣，臚脹留熱，風寒濕痺，身體諸痛。久服輕身延年不老。生川谷。
薏苡人 味甘微寒。主治筋急拘攣不可屈伸，風濕痺，下氣。久服輕身益氣。其根下三蟲。一名解蠡。生平澤。
車前子 味甘寒無毒。主治氣癃，止痛、利水道小便，除濕痺。久服輕身耐老。一名當通。生平澤。
析蓂子 味辛酸溫無毒。主明目，目痛淚出，除痺補五臟，益精光。久服輕身不老。一名蔑析，一名大蕺，一名馬辛。生山澤。
充蔚子 味辛微溫。主明目益驚，除水氣。久服輕身。莖，主癮疹癢，可作湯浴。一名益母，一名益明，一名大札。生池澤。
木香 味辛溫。主治邪氣，闢毒疫溫鬼，強志，主淋露。久服不夢寤魘寐。生山谷。
龍膽 味苦澀。主治骨間寒熱，驚癇邪氣，續絕傷，定五臟，殺蠱毒。久服益智不忘，輕身耐老。一名陵游。生山谷。
菟絲子 味辛平。主續絕傷，補不足，益氣力，肥健。汁，去面鼾*。久服明目輕身延年。一名菟蘆。生山谷。
巴戟天 味辛微溫。主治大風邪氣，陰痿不起。強筋骨，安五臟，補中，增志，益氣。生山谷。
白莫 味甘寒。主治寒熱、八疸、消渴。補中益氣。久服輕身延年。一名穀菜。
白蒿 味甘平。主治五臟邪氣，風寒濕痺，補中益氣，長毛發令黑，療心懸，少食常饑。久服輕身，耳目聰明，不老。生川澤。
地膚子 味苦寒。主治膀胱熱，利小便，補中益精氣。久服耳目聰明，輕身耐老。一名地葵。生平澤。
石龍芻 味苦微寒。主治心腹邪氣，小便不利，淋閉。風濕鬼注惡毒。久服補虛羸，輕身，耳目聰明，延年。一名龍須，一名草續斷。生山谷。
落石 味苦溫。主治風熱死肌，癰傷，口乾舌焦，癰腫不消，喉舌腫，水漿不下。久服輕身明目，潤澤好顏色，不老延年。一名石鯪，生川谷。
黃連 味苦無毒。主治熱氣，目痛眥傷泣出，明目，腸澼腹痛下利，婦人陰中腫痛。久服令人不忘。一名王連，生川谷。（亦貼生於樹木或墻壁上）
王不留行 味苦平。主治金創，止血、逐痛，出刺，除風痺內寒。久服輕身耐老增壽。生山谷。
藍實 味苦寒。主解諸毒，殺蟲蚑注鬼螫毒。久服頭不白，輕身。生平澤。（靛花，即青黛）
景天 味苦酸平。主大熱火瘡，身熱煩，邪惡氣。華，主女人漏下赤白，輕身明目。一名戒火，一名慎火。生川谷。
天名精 味甘寒。主治瘀血血瘕欲死，下血，止血，利小便，除小蟲，去痺，除胸中結熱，止煩渴。久服輕身耐老。一名麥句姜，一名蝦蟆藍，一名豕首。生川澤。（又名地菘，子名鶴虱，根名吐牛膝）
蒲黃 味甘平，主治心腹膀胱寒熱，利小便，止血，消瘀血。久服輕身，益氣力，延年神仙。生池澤。
香蒲 味甘平，主治五臟心下邪氣，口中爛臭，堅齒、明目、聰耳。久服輕身耐勞。一名*。生池澤。
蘭草 味辛平。主利水道，殺蠱毒，闢不祥。久服益氣、輕身、不老，通神明。一名水香。生池澤。
決明子 味咸平。主治青芒，目淫膚赤白膜，眼赤痛淚出。久服益精光輕身。生川澤。
雲實 味辛小溫。主治洩利腸澼，殺蟲蠱毒，去邪惡結氣，止痛，除寒熱。華，主治見鬼精物。多食令人狂走。久服輕身，通神明。生川谷。（又名員實、天豆、雲英）
黃芪 味甘微溫。主治癰疽久敗瘡，排膿止痛，大風癩疾，五痔鼠瘺，補虛，小兒百病。一名戴糝。生山谷。
蛇床子 味苦平。主治婦人陰中腫痛，男子陰漏，濕癢，除痺氣，利關節，癲癇惡瘡。久服輕身。一名蛇粟，一名蛇米。生川谷。
漏蘆 味苦咸寒。主治皮膚熱，惡瘡疽痔，濕痺，下乳汁。久服輕身益氣，耳目聰明，不老延年。一名野蘭。生山谷。
茜根 味苦寒。主治寒濕風痺，黃疸。補中。生山谷。
旋華 味甘溫。主益氣，去面鼾*黑色，媚好。根，主腹中寒熱邪氣，利小便。久服不饑輕身。一名筋根華，一名金沸。生平澤。
白兔藿 味苦平。主治蛇虺蜂蠆猘狗菜肉蠱毒，鬼注。一名白葛。生山谷。
青蘘 味甘寒。主治五臟邪氣，風寒濕痺，益氣，補腦髓，堅筋骨。久服耳目聰明，不饑、不老、增壽。巨勝苗也。（即胡麻之苗）生川谷。
當歸 味甘溫無毒。主治欬逆上氣，溫瘧熱洗洗在皮膚中，婦人漏下絕子諸惡瘡瘍，金創，主飲之。一名乾歸。生川谷。
草部中品
赤箭 味辛溫。主殺鬼精物，蠱毒惡氣。久服益氣力，長陰，肥健，輕身增年。一名離母，一名鬼督郵。生川谷。
麥門冬 味甘平。主治心腹結氣，傷中傷飽，胃絡脈絕，羸瘦短氣。久服輕身、不老、不饑。生川谷。
卷柏 味辛平。主治五臟邪氣，女子陰中寒熱痛，癥瘕，血閉，絕子。久服輕身、和顏色。一名萬歲。生山谷。
肉松容 味咸。主治五勞七傷，補中，除莖中寒熱痛，養五臟，強陰，益精氣，多子，婦人癥瘕。久服輕身。生山谷。
蒺藜子 味苦溫。主治惡血，破癥結積聚喉痺，乳難。久服長肌肉，明目輕身。一名旁通，一名屈人，一名止行，一名豺羽，一名升推。生平澤。
防風 味甘溫無毒。主治大風眩痛，惡風風邪，目盲無所見，風行周身，骨節疼痛，煩滿。久服輕身。一名銅蕓。生川澤。
沙參 味苦微寒無毒。主治血積驚氣，除寒熱，補中益肺氣。久服利人。一名知母。生川谷。
芎窮 味辛溫無毒。主治中風入腦頭痛，寒痺筋攣緩急，金創，婦人血閉無子。生川谷。
麋蕪 味辛溫。主治欬逆，定驚氣，闢邪惡，除蠱毒鬼注，去三蟲。久服通神。一名薇蕪。
續斷 味苦微溫。主治傷寒，補不足，金創癰傷折跌，續筋骨，婦人乳難。久服益氣力。一名龍豆，一名屬折。生山谷。
茵陳蒿 味苦無毒。主治風濕寒熱邪氣，熱結黃疸。久服輕身、益氣、耐老。生太山及丘陵坡岸上。
五味 味酸溫。主益氣、咳逆上氣，勞傷羸瘦，補不足，強陰，益男子精。生山谷。
秦艽 味苦平。主治寒熱邪氣，寒濕風痺肢節痛，下水利小便。生山谷。
黃芩 味苦平。主治諸熱黃疸，腸澼洩利，逐水，下血閉，惡瘡疽蝕，火瘍。一名腐腸。生川谷。
勺藥 味苦。主治邪氣腹痛，除血痺，破堅積寒熱疝瘕，止痛，利小便，益氣。生川谷。
乾姜 味辛溫。主治胸滿咳逆上氣，溫中、止血，出汗，逐風濕痺，腸澼下利，生者尤良。久服去臭氣，通神明。生川谷。
蒿本 味辛微溫。主治婦人疝瘕，陰中寒腫痛，腹中急，除風頭痛，長肌膚，悅顏色。一名鬼卿，一名地新。生山谷。
麻黃 味苦溫無毒。主治中風傷寒頭痛，溫瘧，發表出汗，去邪熱氣，止欬逆上氣，除寒熱，破癥堅積聚。一名龍沙。生山谷。
葛根 味甘平。主治消渴，身大熱，嘔吐，諸痺，起陰氣，解諸毒。葛谷，主下利十歲以上。一名雞齊根。生川谷。
知母 味苦寒無毒。主治消渴熱中，除邪氣，肢體浮腫，下水，補不足，益氣。一名母蚳、連母、野蓼、地參、水參、水浚、貨母。生川谷。
貝母 味辛平。主治傷寒煩熱，淋瀝、邪氣、疝瘕，喉痺，乳難。金瘡風痙。一名空草。
栝樓 味苦寒。主治消渴，身熱煩滿，大熱。補虛安中，續絕傷。一名地樓。生川谷及山陰。
丹參 味苦微寒無毒。主治心腹邪氣，腸鳴幽幽如走水，寒熱積聚，破癥除瘕，止煩滿，益氣。一名卻蟬草。生山谷。
玄參 味苦微寒無毒。主治腹中寒熱積聚，女子產乳余疾。補腎氣，令人目明。一名重臺。生川谷。
苦參 味苦寒。主治心腹結氣，疝瘕積聚，黃疸，溺有餘瀝，逐水，除癰腫。補中，明目止淚。一名水槐，一名苦識*。生山谷及田野。
狗脊 味苦平。主腰背強，關機緩急，周痺，寒濕膝痛。頗利老人。一名百枝。生川谷。
萆薢 味苦平。主治腰背痛強，骨節風寒濕周痺。惡瘡不瘳，熱氣。生山谷。
通草 味辛平。主去惡蟲，除脾胃寒熱，通利九竅血脈關節，令人不忘。一名附支。生山谷。
瞿麥 味苦寒。主治關格諸癃結，小便不通，出刺，決癰腫，明目去翳，破胎墮子，下閉血。一名巨句麥。生川谷。
敗醬 味苦平。主治暴熱火瘡，赤氣，疥瘙疽痔，馬鞍，熱氣。一名鹿腸。生川谷。
白芷 味辛溫。主治女人漏下赤白，血閉，陰腫，寒熱，風頭，侵目淚出，長肌膚、潤澤，可作面脂。一名芳香。生川谷。
杜若 味辛微溫。主治胸脅下逆氣，溫中，風入腦戶，頭腫痛，多涕淚出。久服益精、明目、輕身。一名杜蘅。生川澤。
紫草 味苦寒。主心腹邪氣、五疸，補中益氣，利九竅，通水道。一名紫丹，一名紫芙，一名地血。生山谷。
紫菀 味苦溫。主治咳逆上氣，胸中寒熱結氣，去蠱毒痿蟨，安五臟。生山谷。
白鮮 味苦寒。主治頭風，黃疸，咳逆，淋瀝，女子陰中腫痛，濕痺死肌，不可屈伸，起止行步。生川谷。
薇銜 味苦平。主治風濕痺，歷節痛，驚癇吐舌，悸氣賊風，鼠瘺癰腫。一名麋銜。生川澤。
白薇 味苦平。主治暴中風身熱，肢滿，忽忽不知人，狂惑邪氣，寒熱酸疼，溫瘧洗洗，發作有時。生川澤。
葈耳實 味甘溫。主治風頭寒痛，風濕周痺，四肢拘攣痛，惡肉死肌。久服益氣，耳目聰明，強志輕身。一名胡葈，一名地葵。生川谷。
茅根 味甘寒。主治勞傷虛羸，補中益氣，除瘀血，血閉寒熱，利小便。其苗主下水。一名蘭根，一名茹根。生山谷。
酸醬 味酸平。主治熱煩滿，定志益氣，利水道，產難，吞其實立產。一名酢醬。生川澤。
淫羊藿 味辛寒。主治陰痿，絕傷，莖中痛，利小便。益氣力，強志。一名剛前。生山谷。
蠡實 味甘平。主治皮膚寒熱，胃中熱氣，風寒濕痺。堅筋骨，令人嗜食。久服輕身。華葉，去白蟲。一名劇草，一名三堅，一名豕首。生川谷。
款冬 味辛溫。主治咳逆上氣，善喘，喉痺，諸驚癇，寒熱邪氣。一名槖吾、顆東、虎虛、菟奚。生山谷。
防己 味辛平。主治風寒溫瘧熱氣，諸癇，除邪利大小便。一名解離。生川谷。
女菀 味辛溫。主治風寒洗洗，霍亂洩痢，腸鳴上下無常處，驚癇寒熱百疾。生川谷。
澤蘭 味酸無毒。主治乳婦衄血，中風餘疾，大腹水腫，身面四支浮腫，骨節中水，金創，癰腫瘡膿。一名虎蘭，一名龍棗。生澤傍。
地榆 味苦微寒。主治婦人乳痛，七傷，帶下病，止痛，除惡肉，止汗，療金創。生山谷。
王孫 味苦平無毒。主治五臟邪氣，寒濕痺，四肢疼酸，膝冷痛。生川谷。
爵床 味咸寒。主治腰脊痛不得著床，俯仰艱難，除熱，可作浴湯。生山谷。
馬先蒿 味苦平。主治寒熱鬼注，中風濕痺，女子帶下病，無子。一名馬矢蒿。生川澤。
蜀羊泉 味苦微寒。主治頭禿惡瘡，熱氣疥瘙痂癬蟲，療齲齒。生川谷。
積雪草 味苦寒，主治大熱，惡瘡癰疽，浸淫赤熛，皮膚赤，身熱。生川谷。
垣衣 味酸無毒。主治黃疸，心煩咳逆，血氣，暴熱在腸胃，金創內寒。久服補中益氣，長肌，好顏色。一名昔邪，一名烏韭，一名垣嬴，一名天韭，一名鼠韭。生古垣墻陰或屋上。
水萍 味辛寒。主治暴熱身癢，下水氣，勝酒，長須發，止消渴。久服輕身。一名水華。生池澤。
海藻 味苦寒。主治癭瘤氣，頸下核，破散結氣，癰腫，癥瘕堅氣，腹中上下鳴，下十二水腫。一名落首。生池澤。
桔梗 味苦無毒。主治胸脅痛如刀刺，腹滿腸鳴幽幽，驚恐悸氣。生山谷。
旋覆花 味咸溫。主治結氣，脅下滿，驚悸，除水，去五臟間寒熱。補中下氣。一名金沸草，一名盛湛。生川谷。
蛇全 味苦微寒。主治驚癇寒熱邪氣，除熱，金創，疽痔鼠瘺，惡瘡頭瘍。一名蛇銜。生山谷。
假蘇 味辛溫。主治寒熱鼠瘺瘰癆生瘡，破結聚氣，下瘀血，除濕痺。一名鼠蓂。生川澤。
草部下品
營實 味酸溫。主治癰疽惡瘡，結肉跌筋，敗瘡熱氣，陰蝕不瘳，利關節。一名墻薇，一名墻麻，一名牛棘。生山谷。
牡丹 味辛寒。主治寒熱中風，瘈疭痙，驚癇邪氣，除癥堅，瘀血，留舍腸胃，安五臟，療癰瘡。一名鹿韭，一名鼠姑。生山谷。
石韋 味苦平。主治勞熱邪氣，五癃閉不通，利小便水道。一名石*樜。生山谷石上。
百合 味甘平。主治邪氣腹脹心痛，利大小便。補中益氣。生川谷。
紫參 味苦寒。主治心腹積聚，寒熱邪氣，通九竅，利大小便。一名牡蒙。生山谷。
王瓜 味苦寒。主治消渴內痺，瘀血月閉，寒熱酸疼，益氣愈聾。一名土瓜。生平澤。
大黃 味苦寒有毒。主下瘀血，血閉，寒熱，破癥瘕積聚，留飲宿食，蕩滌腸胃，推陳致新，通利水穀，調中化食，安和五臟。生山谷。
甘遂 味苦寒有毒。主治大腹疝瘕，腹滿，面目浮腫，留飲宿食，破癥堅積聚，利水谷道。一名主田。生川谷。
亭歷 味辛寒。主治癥瘕積聚結氣，飲食寒熱，破堅逐邪，通利水道。一名大室，一名大適。生平澤及田野。
芫華 味苦溫有毒。主治欬逆上氣，喉鳴喘，咽腫氣短，蠱毒鬼瘧，疝瘕癰腫，殺蟲魚。一名去水。生川谷。
澤漆 味苦微寒。主治皮膚熱，大腹水氣，四肢面目浮腫，丈夫陰氣不足。生川澤。
大戟 味苦寒。主治蠱毒十二水。腹滿急痛，積聚，中風，皮膚疼痛，吐逆。一名卯*鉅。
蕘華 味苦寒。主治傷寒溫瘧，下十二水，破積聚大堅癥瘕，蕩滌腸胃中留癖飲食，寒熱邪氣，利水道。生川谷。
鉤吻 味辛溫。主治金瘡乳，中惡風，咳逆上氣，水腫，殺鬼注蠱毒。一名治葛。生山谷。
藜蘆 味辛寒有毒。主治蠱毒，咳逆，洩痢腸澼，頭瘍疥瘙惡瘡，殺諸蟲毒，去死肌。一名黃苒。生山谷。
烏頭 味辛溫有毒。主治中風惡風洗洗，出汗，除寒濕痺，咳逆上氣，破積聚寒熱。其汁煎之，名射罔，殺禽獸。一名奚毒，一名即子，一名烏喙。生山谷。
天雄 味辛溫。主治大風，寒濕痺，歷節痛，拘攣緩急，破積聚，邪氣，金創，強筋骨，輕身健行。一名白幕。生山谷。
附子 味辛溫有毒。主治風寒咳逆邪氣，溫中，金創，破癥堅積聚，血瘕寒濕，踒躄拘攣，膝痛不能行走。生山谷。
羊躑躅 味辛溫有毒。主治賊風在皮膚中淫淫痛，溫瘧，惡毒，諸痺。生川谷。
茵芋 味苦溫。主治五臟邪氣，心腹寒熱羸瘦，如瘧狀發作有時，諸關節風濕痺痛。生川谷。
射干 味苦平。主治咳逆上氣，喉痺咽痛不得消息，散結氣，腹中邪逆，食飲大熱。一名烏扇，一名烏蒲。生川谷。
鳶尾 味苦平。主治蠱毒邪氣，鬼注諸毒，破癥瘕積聚，去水，下三蟲。生山谷。
貫眾 味苦微寒有毒。主治腹中邪熱氣，諸毒，殺三蟲。一名貫節，一名貫渠，一名百頭，一名虎卷，一名扁苻。生山谷。
飛廉 味苦平。主治骨節熱，脛重酸疼。久服令人身輕。一名飛輕。生川澤。
半夏 味辛平。主治傷寒寒熱，心下堅，下氣，喉咽腫痛，頭眩胸脹，咳逆腸鳴，止汗。一名地文，一名水玉。生川谷。
虎掌 味苦溫無毒。主治心痛，寒熱，結氣，積聚伏梁，傷筋痿拘緩，利水道。生山谷。
莨蕩子 味苦寒。主治齒痛，出蟲，肉痺拘急，使人健行，見鬼，多食令人狂走。久服輕身。走及奔馬，強志、益力、通神。一名橫唐。生川谷。
蜀漆 味辛平有毒。主治瘧及咳逆寒熱，腹中癥堅痞結，結聚邪氣，蠱毒鬼注。生川谷。
恆山 味苦寒。主治傷寒寒熱，熱發溫瘧，鬼毒，胸中痰結，吐逆。一名互草。生川谷。
青葙 味苦微寒。主治邪氣，皮膚中熱，風瘙身癢，殺三蟲。子名草決明，療唇口青。一名草蒿，一鳴蔞蒿。生平谷。
狼牙 味苦寒有毒。主治邪氣熱氣，疥瘙惡瘍瘡痔，去白蟲。一名牙子。生川谷。
白蘞 味苦平。主治癰腫疽瘡，散結氣，止痛除熱，目中赤，小兒驚癇，溫瘧，女子陰中腫痛。一名菟核，一名白草。生山谷。
白及 味苦平。主治癰腫惡瘡敗疽，傷陰，死肌，胃中邪氣，賊風鬼擊，痱緩不收。一名甘根，一名連及草。生川谷。
草蒿 味苦寒。主治疥瘙痂癢惡瘡，殺虱，留熱在骨節間，明目。一名青蒿，一名方潰。生川澤。
雚菌 味咸平。主治心痛，溫中，去長蟲、白徙*、蟯蟲，蛇螫毒，癥瘕諸蟲。一名雚蘆。生池澤。
連翹 味苦平。主治寒熱鼠漏，瘰癆癰腫，惡瘡癭瘤，結熱蠱毒。一名異翹，一名蕳華，一名折根，一名三廉。生山谷。
白頭公 味苦溫無毒。主治溫瘧狂易，寒熱，癥瘕積聚，癭氣，逐血止痛，療金創。一名野丈人，一名胡王使者。生川谷。
閭茹 味酸咸有毒。主蝕惡肉，敗瘡，死肌，殺疥蟲，排膿惡血，除大風熱氣，善忘不樂。生川谷。
羊桃 味苦寒。主治熛熱身暴赤色，風水積聚，惡瘍，除小兒熱。一名鬼桃，一名羊腸。生川谷。
羊蹄 味苦寒。主治頭禿疥瘙，除熱，女子陰蝕。一名東方宿，一名連蟲陸，一名鬼目。生川澤。
鹿藿 味苦平。主治蠱毒，女子腰腹痛不樂，腸癰瘰癆瘍氣。生山谷。 牛扁 味苦微寒。主治身皮瘡熱氣，可作浴湯，殺牛虱小蟲，又療牛病。生川谷。
陸英 味苦寒。主治骨間諸痺，四肢拘攣疼酸，膝寒痛，陰痿，短氣不足，腳腫。生川谷。
藎草 味苦平。主治久咳上氣，喘逆久寒，驚悸，痂疥，白禿，瘍氣，殺皮膚小蟲。生川谷。
夏枯草 味苦辛寒。主治寒熱瘰癆，鼠瘺頭瘡，破癥，散癭結氣，腳腫濕痺。輕身。一名夕句，一名乃東。生川谷。
烏韭 味甘寒。主治皮膚往來寒熱，利小腸、膀胱氣。生山谷。
蚤休 味苦微寒。主治驚癇搖頭弄舌，熱氣在腹中，癲疾，癰瘡陰蝕，下三蟲，去蛇毒。一名螫休。生川谷。
石長生 味咸微寒。主治寒熱惡瘡大熱，闢鬼氣不祥。一名丹草。生山谷。
狼毒 味辛平。主治咳逆上氣，破積聚飲食，寒熱水氣，惡瘡鼠瘺疽蝕，鬼精蠱毒，殺飛鳥走獸。一名續毒。生山谷。
鬼臼 味辛溫。主殺蠱毒鬼注精物，闢惡氣不祥，逐邪解百毒。一名爵犀，一名馬目毒公，一名九臼。生山谷。
扁蓄 味苦平。主治浸淫疥瘙疽痔，殺三蟲。生山谷。
商陸 味辛平。主治水脹，疝瘕痺，熨除癰腫。殺鬼精物。一名*根，一名夜呼。生川谷。
女青 味辛平。主治蠱毒，逐邪惡氣，殺鬼溫瘧，闢不祥。一名雀瓢。生山谷。 白附子 主治心痛血痺，面上百病，行藥勢。生蜀郡。
姑活 味甘溫。主治大風邪氣，濕痺寒痛。九服輕身益壽耐老。一名冬葵子。生川澤。
別羈 味苦微溫。主治風寒濕痺，身重，四肢疼酸寒邪歷節痛。生川谷。
石下長卿 味咸平。主治鬼注精物，邪惡氣，殺百精蠱毒，老魅注易，亡走啼哭，悲傷恍惚。一名徐長卿。生池澤。
翹根 味苦寒。主治下熱氣，益陰精，令人面悅好，明目。久服輕身耐老。生平澤。
木部上品
茯苓 味甘平。主治胸脅逆氣，憂恚驚恐，心下結痛，寒熱煩滿咳逆，口焦舌乾，利小便。久服安魂養神，不饑延年。一名伏兔。生山谷。
松脂 味苦溫。主治癰疽惡瘡，頭瘍白禿，疥瘙風氣，安五臟，除熱。久服輕身延年。一名松膏，一名松肪。生山谷。
柏實 味甘平。主治驚悸，安五臟，益氣，除風濕痺。久服令人潤澤美色，耳目聰明，不饑不老，輕身延年。生山谷。
箘桂 味辛溫。主治百病，養精神，和顏色，為諸藥先娉通使。久服輕身不老，面生光華，媚好常如童子。生交止*山谷。
牡桂 味辛溫。主治上氣咳逆、結氣，喉痺吐吸，利關節，補中益氣。久服通神，輕身不老。生山谷。
杜仲 味辛平。主治腰膝痛，補中，益精氣，堅筋骨，強志，除陰下癢濕，小便餘瀝。久服輕身耐老。一名思仙。生山谷。
蔓荊實 味苦微寒。主治筋骨間寒熱，濕痺拘攣，明目堅齒，利九竅，去白蟲。久服輕身耐老。小荊實亦等。
蘗木 味苦寒。主治五臟腸胃中結氣熱，黃疸，腸痔，止洩利，女子漏下赤白，陰陽蝕瘡。根，一名檀桓。生山谷。
辛夷 味辛溫。主治五臟身體寒熱，風頭腦痛，面鼾*。久服下氣，輕身明目，增年能老。一名辛引，一名侯桃，一名房木。生川谷。
榆皮 味甘平。主治大小便不通，利水道，除邪氣。久服輕身不饑。其實尤良。一名零榆。生山谷。
酸棗 味酸平。主治心腹寒熱邪結氣，四肢酸疼，濕痺。久服安五臟，輕身延年。生川澤。
槐子 味苦寒。主治五內邪氣熱，止涎唾，補絕傷，五痔火瘡，婦人乳瘕，子藏急痛。生平澤。
枸杞 味苦寒。主治五內邪氣，熱中消渴，周痺。久服堅筋骨，輕身耐老。一名杞根，一名地骨，一名枸忌，一名地輔。生平澤。
橘柚 味辛溫。主治胸中瘕熱逆氣，利水穀。久服去口臭，下氣通神。一名橘皮。生南山川谷。
木部中品
乾漆 味辛溫，無毒。主治絕傷，補中，續筋骨，填髓腦，安五臟，五緩六急，風寒濕痺。生漆，去長蟲。久服輕身耐老。生川谷。
木蘭 味苦寒。主治身大熱在皮膚中，去面熱赤皰酒皶，惡風癩疾，陰下癢濕，明目。一名林蘭。生山谷。
女貞實 味苦平。主補中安五臟，養精神，除百疾。久服肥健、輕身、不老。生川谷。
桑上寄生 味苦平。主治腰痛，小兒背強，癰腫，安胎，充肌膚，堅齒發，長須眉。其實，明目、輕身、通神。一名寄屑，一名寓木，一名宛童。生山谷。
蘇核 味甘平無毒。主治心腹邪結氣，明目，目赤痛傷淚出。久服輕身、益氣、不饑。生川谷。
龍眼 味甘平。主治五臟邪氣，安志，厭食。久服強魂，聰明，輕身不老，通神明。生山谷。
厚樸 味苦溫無毒。主治中風、傷寒、頭痛，寒熱驚氣，血痺死肌，去三蟲。生山谷。
竹葉 味苦平。主治咳逆上氣，溢筋急惡瘍，殺小蟲。根，作湯，益氣止渴，補虛下氣。汁，主風痙痺。實，通神明，輕身益氣。
枳實 味苦寒。主治大風在皮膚中如麻豆苦癢，除寒熱熱結，止利。長肌肉，利五臟，益氣輕身。生川澤。
山茱萸 味酸無毒。主治心下邪氣寒熱，溫中，逐寒濕痺，去三蟲。久服輕身。一名蜀棗。生山谷。
吳茱萸 味辛溫。主溫中下氣止痛，咳逆寒熱，除濕血痺，逐風邪，開腠理。根，殺三蟲。一名藙。生川谷。
秦皮 味酸無毒。主治風寒濕痺，洗洗寒氣，除熱，目中青翳白膜。久服頭不白，輕身。生川谷。
支子 味苦寒。主治五內邪氣，胃中熱氣，面赤酒皰皶鼻，白癩赤癩瘡瘍。一名木丹。生川谷。
合歡 味甘平。主安五臟，和心志，令人歡樂無憂。久服輕身明目，得所欲。生益州山谷。
秦椒 味辛溫。主治風邪氣，溫中，除寒痺，堅齒長發，明目。久服輕身好顏色，耐老增年通神。生川谷。
紫葳 味酸微寒。主治婦人乳余疾，崩中癥瘕血閉，寒熱羸瘦，養胎。生川谷。
蕪荑 味辛。主治五內邪氣，散皮膚骨節中淫淫行毒。去三蟲，化食。一名無姑，一名殿*塘䕱。生川谷。
桑根白皮 味甘寒。主治傷中五勞六極羸瘦，崩中脈絕，補虛益氣。葉，除寒熱，出汗。桑耳，黑者，主女子漏下，赤白汁，血病，癥瘕積聚腹痛，陰陽寒熱，無子。五木耳，名薷（木旁），益氣不饑，輕身強志。
木部下品
松蘿 味苦平。主治瞋怒邪氣，止虛汗出，風頭，女子陰寒腫痛。一名女蘿。生山谷。
五加 味辛溫。主治心腹疝氣，腹痛，益氣，療躄。小兒立能行，疽瘡陰蝕。一名豺漆。
豬苓 味甘平。主治痎瘧，解毒，蠱毒、蠱注，不祥，利水道。久服輕身耐老。一名叚（犬旁）豬矢。生山谷。
白棘 味辛寒。主治心腹痛，癰腫潰膿止痛。一名棘鍼。生川谷。
衛矛 味苦寒無毒。主治女子崩中下血，腹滿汗出，除邪，殺鬼毒蠱注。一名鬼箭。
黃環 味苦有毒。主治蠱毒鬼注鬼魅，邪氣在藏中，除咳逆寒熱。一名陵泉，一名大就。生山谷。
石南草 味辛平。主養腎氣，內傷陰衰，利筋骨皮毛。實，殺蠱毒，破積聚，逐風痺。一名鬼目。生山谷。
巴豆 味辛溫有毒。主治傷寒溫瘧寒熱，破癥瘕結聚堅積，留飲痰癖，大腹水脹，蕩滌五臟六腑，開通閉塞，利水谷道，去惡肉，除鬼毒蠱注邪物，殺蟲魚。一名巴椒。生川谷。
蜀椒 味辛溫。主治邪氣咳逆，溫中，逐骨節皮膚死肌，寒濕痺痛，下氣。久服之頭不白，輕身增年。生川谷。
莽草 味辛溫。主治風頭，癰腫乳癰，疝瘕，除結氣，疥瘙疽瘡。殺蟲魚。生山谷。
鬱核 味酸平。主治大腹水腫，面目四肢浮腫，利小便水道。根，主治齒斷腫、齲齒，堅齒。鼠李，主治寒熱瘰癆瘡。一名爵李。生川谷。
欒華 味苦寒。主治目痛淚出傷眥，消目腫。生川谷。
蔓椒 味苦溫。主治風寒濕痺，歷節痛，除四肢厥氣，膝痛。一名豕椒。生川谷。
雷丸 味苦寒。主殺三蟲，逐毒氣，胃中熱，利丈夫，不利女子。作摩膏，除小兒百病。生山谷。
溲疏 味辛寒。主治身皮膚中熱，除邪氣，止遺溺，可作浴湯。生川谷。
藥食根 味辛溫。主治邪氣，諸痺疼酸，續絕傷，補骨髓。一名連木。（即貝母之根）生山谷。
皂莢 味辛咸溫。主治風痺死肌，邪氣，風頭淚出。利九竅，殺精物。生川谷。
練實 味苦寒。主治溫疾傷寒大熱煩狂，殺三蟲，疥瘍，利小便水道。（即楝實）生山谷。
柳華 味苦寒。主治風水，黃疸，面熱黑。葉，主治馬疥痂瘡。實，主治潰癰，逐膿血。一名柳絮。生瑯邪川澤。
桐葉 味苦寒。主治惡蝕瘡著陰。皮，主五痔，殺三蟲。華，傅豬瘡，飼豬肥大三倍。生山谷。
Minerals and Stones — Superior Grade
Jade Spring (yuquan). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for the hundred diseases of the five viscera. Softens the sinews, strengthens the bones, calms the hun and po (spirit-souls), builds flesh, and boosts qi. Taken long-term, it enables one to withstand cold and heat without hunger or thirst, and prevents aging — a substance of the immortals. If a person near death takes five catties of it, the complexion will not change even after three years. Also called Jade Tablet (yuzha).
Cinnabar (dansha). Taste sweet, nature slightly cold. Treats the hundred diseases of the body and five viscera. Nourishes the essence-spirit, calms the hun and po, boosts qi, brightens the eyes, and kills malevolent spirits and demons. Taken long-term, it grants communication with spirit intelligence and prevents aging. It can transform into mercury. Grows in mountain valleys.
Mercury (shuiyin). Taste pungent, nature cold. Indicated for scabies, itching, crusted sores, and baldness with sores; kills lice and mites in the skin, induces abortion, and clears heat. It neutralizes the toxicity of gold, silver, copper, and tin; when melted it can be restored into cinnabar. Taken long-term, it grants spirit-immortality and freedom from death. Grows in level ground.
Kongqing, hollow azurite. Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for blue-blindness and deafness. Brightens the eyes, frees the nine orifices, opens the blood vessels, and nourishes the essence-spirit. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and prolongs life without aging. It can transmute copper, iron, lead, and tin into gold. Grows in mountain valleys.
Zengqing, layered azurite. Taste sour, nature slightly cold. Indicated for eye pain; stops tearing, treats wind-bi (painful obstruction), benefits the joints, frees the nine orifices, and breaks up masses and accumulations. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and prevents aging. It can transmute [metals] into gold and copper. Grows in mountain valleys.
Baiqing, white azurite. Taste sweet, nature neutral. Brightens the eyes and frees the nine orifices; treats deafness and pathogenic qi below the heart. Induces vomiting and kills all manner of toxins and the three worms (intestinal parasites). Taken long-term, it grants communication with spirit intelligence, lightens the body, and prolongs life without aging. Grows in mountain valleys.
Mica (yunmu). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Treats dead flesh on the skin, and wind-stroke with chills and fever as if aboard a moving carriage or boat; expels pathogenic qi, calms the five viscera, benefits the essence of offspring, brightens the eyes, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also called Cloud Pearl, Cloud Flower, Cloud Blossom, Cloud Fluid, Cloud Sand, and Scale Stone. Grows in mountain valleys.
Crude Mirabilite (puxiao). Taste bitter, nature cold, non-toxic. Indicated for the hundred diseases; expels cold and heat pathogenic qi, and drives out accumulations, hardened stagnation, and lingering blockages in the six bowels. It can transmute seventy-two kinds of minerals. Refined and taken as a preparation, it lightens the body — a substance of the immortals. Grows in mountain valleys.
Niter (xiaoshi). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for accumulated heat in the five viscera, and distension and blockage of the stomach. It washes away stagnant accumulations of food and drink, expels the old to bring in the new, and clears pathogenic qi. Refined until paste-like; taken long-term, it lightens the body. Also called Mangxiao (Glauber's salt). Grows in mountain valleys.
Alum (fanshi). Taste sour, nature cold. Indicated for chills and fever with diarrhea, white vaginal discharge and genital erosion, malignant sores, and eye pain; hardens the bones and teeth. Refined and taken as a preparation, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and extends the years. Also called Yunie. Grows in mountain valleys.
Talc (huashi). Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for fever with diarrhea, difficult lactation in women, and urinary blockage. Promotes urination, washes away accumulated cold and heat in the stomach, and boosts the essence-qi. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, staves off hunger, and prolongs the years. Grows in the mountain valleys of Zheyang.
Purple Stone (zishi). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for cough and counterflow qi in the chest and abdomen; supplements deficiency, and treats wind-cold lodged in the uterus in women, and infertility of ten years' standing. Taken long-term, it warms the interior, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in the mountain valleys of Mount Tai.
White Quartz (bai shiying). Taste sweet, nature slightly warm. Indicated for wasting-thirst, impotence and insufficiency, cough with counterflow qi, and long-standing cold between the chest and diaphragm. Boosts qi and dispels wind-damp painful obstruction. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and prolongs the years. Grows in mountain valleys.
Blue, Red, Yellow, White, and Black Stone-Fat (shizhi), and the like. Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery with pus and blood, genital erosion, red-and-white vaginal discharge, pathogenic qi, carbuncles and swellings, malignant sores with pus, sores on the head, and scabies with itching. Taken long-term, they supplement the marrow, boost qi, make one robust and vigorous, stave off hunger, lighten the body, and prolong the years. The five stone-fats each, according to their color, supplement one of the five viscera. Grow in mountain valleys.
Taiyi Yuyuliang (Great Unity's Yu's Surplus-Grain). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for cough with counterflow and ascending qi, masses and accumulations, amenorrhea, and irregular spotting; expels pathogenic qi. Taken long-term, it enables one to withstand cold and heat without hunger, lightens the body, and grants the power of flight over a thousand li — a substance of the immortals. Also called Stone Marrow (shinao). Grows in mountain valleys.
Yuyuliang (Yu's Surplus-Grain). Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for cough with counterflow, chills and fever, vexation and fullness, diarrhea with red and white discharge, and severe heat associated with amenorrhea and masses. Refined and taken as a preparation, it staves off hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs the years. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Xionghuang (Realgar). Taste: bitter, neutral. Indicated for cold-heat scrofula (rat fistula), malignant sores, welling-abscesses and hemorrhoids, and necrotic flesh. Kills spectral entities, evil demons and noxious qi, and the poison of the hundred insects; overcomes the five weapons. Refined and ingested, it lightens the body and confers transcendence. Also called Huangshishi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Minerals and Stones — Middle Grade
Shidan (Chalcanthite). Taste: sour, slightly cold. Brightens the eyes and treats eye pain, metal wounds and various forms of epilepsy with spasms, corroding pain of the female genitals, stone strangury with cold-heat, uterine bleeding, and various evil poisonous qi; enables conception. Refined into pills and taken, it prevents aging; taken long-term, it prolongs life and confers transcendence. It can transform iron into copper, and produce gold and silver. Also called Bishi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shizhongru (Stalactite). Taste: sweet, warm. Indicated for cough with rising qi. Brightens the eyes and boosts essence, calms the five viscera, unblocks all the joints, benefits the nine orifices, and promotes lactation. Grows in mountain valleys.
Cihuang (Orpiment). Taste: pungent, neutral. Indicated for malignant sores, scalp baldness with scabs and scabies; kills poisonous insects, treats body itching, evil qi, and various poisons. Refined and taken long-term, it lightens the body, extends the years, and prevents aging. Grows in mountain valleys.
Yinnie. Taste: pungent, warm. Indicated for rotting wounds with stagnant blood, diarrhea with cold-heat, scrofula (rat fistula), and abdominal masses with bound qi. Also called Jiangshi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Konggongnie. Taste: pungent, warm. Indicated for food damage with indigestion, evil bound qi, malignant sores, welling-abscesses, fistulas and hemorrhoids; benefits the nine orifices and promotes lactation. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shiliuhuang (Sulfur). Taste: sour, warm; toxic. Indicated for corroding of the female genitals, welling-abscesses and hemorrhoids with malignant blood; strengthens the sinews and bones, treats scalp baldness. It can transform gold, silver, copper and iron into wondrous substances. Grows in mountain valleys.
Yangqishi (Actinolite). Taste: sour; non-toxic. Indicated for uterine flooding and spotting; breaks up blood in the uterus, abdominal masses with bound qi, abdominal pain with cold-heat, infertility, and impotence; supplements deficiency. Also called Baishi. Grows in the mountain valleys of Qishan.
Ningshuishi. Taste: pungent, cold. Indicated for body heat, abdominal accumulations with evil qi, a burning sensation in the skin as if scorched by fire, and vexation and fullness. Taken dissolved in water. Taken long-term, it staves off hunger. Also called Baishuishi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Cishi (Magnetite). Taste: pungent, cold. Indicated for generalized painful obstruction from wind-dampness, pain in the limbs and joints such that one cannot hold objects, and a chilled aching pain; relieves great heat, vexation and fullness, and deafness. Also called Xuanshi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Lishi. Taste: pungent, cold. Indicated for body heat; benefits the stomach and relieves vexation, boosts essence and brightens the eyes, breaks up accumulations, and expels the three worms. Also called Lizhishi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Changshi. Taste: pungent, cold. Indicated for body heat, cold reversal of the four limbs; disinhibits urination, unblocks the blood vessels, brightens the eyes and removes visual film and dim vision, expels the three worms, and kills gu poison. Taken long-term, it staves off hunger. Also called Fangshi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Fuqing. Taste: pungent. Indicated for gu poison, venomous snakebite, poisoning from vegetables and meat, and malignant sores. Also called Tuiqing. Grows in mountain valleys.
Tieluo (forged iron flakes). Taste: pungent, neutral. Indicated for wind-heat malignant sores, ulcers, welling-abscesses, sores with scabs and scabies, and qi lodged in the skin. Iron itself firms the flesh and increases tolerance of pain. Iron essence (Tiejing) brightens the eyes and transforms copper. Grows in level marshes.
Minerals and Stones — Lower Grade
Shigao (Gypsum). Taste: pungent, slightly cold. Indicated for wind-strike with cold-heat, rebellious qi below the heart with fright and panting, dry mouth and scorched tongue with labored breathing, hardness and pain in the abdomen; expels evil demons; used in childbirth, and for metal wounds. Grows in mountain valleys.
Qinglanggan. Taste: pungent, neutral. Indicated for body itching, burns, welling-abscess wounds, scabies with itching, and necrotic flesh. Also called Shizhu. Grows in level marshes.
Fanshi (Alum). Taste: pungent; toxic. Indicated for cold-heat scrofula (rat fistula), corroding sores, necrotic flesh, wind painful obstruction, hardness in the abdomen, and evil qi; relieves heat. Also called Qingfenshi, Lizhishi, or Guyangshi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Daizhe (Hematite). Taste: bitter, cold. Indicated for demonic infixation, thief wind, and gu poison; kills spectral entities and evil demons, treats poisonous evil qi in the abdomen, and red vaginal discharge with spotting in women. Also called Xuwan. Grows in mountain valleys.
Luxian. Taste: bitter, salty, cold. Indicated for great heat, wasting-thirst, mania and vexation; expels evil, and by inducing vomiting and purging treats gu poison; softens the flesh and skin. Rock salt (Dayan) induces vomiting. Rong salt (Rongyan) brightens the eyes, treats eye pain, boosts qi, strengthens the flesh and bones, and expels gu poison. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Bai'e (white clay). Taste: bitter, warm. Indicated for cold-heat abdominal masses in women, amenorrhea, accumulations, swelling and pain of the genitals, spotting, and infertility. Grows in mountain valleys.
Qiandan (red lead / minium). Taste: pungent, slightly cold. Indicated for cough with rebellious qi, stomach reflux, fright epilepsy and manic-withdrawal illness; relieves heat and directs qi downward. When refined and transformed, it reverts to become the Nine Radiances. Taken long-term, it opens communication with the spirit intelligence. Grows in level marshes.
Fenxi (lead powder). Taste: pungent, cold. Indicated for latent corpse-transmission and venomous stings; kills the three worms. The knob of a tin-bronze mirror treats amenorrhea in women, abdominal masses with hidden intestinal obstruction, and infertility. Also called Jiexi. Grows in the mountain valleys of Guiyang.
Shihui (lime). Taste: pungent, warm. Indicated for welling-abscesses and ulcers, scabies with itching, heat qi, malignant sores, and lai disease with loss of eyebrows; kills hemorrhoid worms, and removes moles and polyps. Also called Ehui. Grows in mountain valleys.
Donghui (winter ash). Taste: pungent, slightly warm. Indicated for moles; removes warts and polyps, corroding welling-abscesses, and scabies with itching. Also called Lihui. Grows in rivers and marshes.
Herbs — Superior Grade
Qingzhi (green Ganoderma). Taste: sour, neutral. Brightens the eyes, supplements the liver qi, calms the essence and ethereal soul, and fosters benevolence and forbearance. Eaten long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life, conferring transcendence. Also called Longzhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Chizhi (red Ganoderma). Taste: bitter, neutral. Indicated for binding in the chest; boosts the heart qi, supplements the center, increases wisdom, and improves memory. Eaten long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life, conferring transcendence. Also called Danzhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Yellow Zhi (yellow reishi fungus). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for the five pathogens of the heart and abdomen; boosts spleen qi, calms the spirit, and brings loyalty, trustworthiness, and harmony. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life like an immortal. Also called Golden Zhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
White Zhi. Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for cough with rising qi; boosts lung qi, opens and clears the mouth and nose, strengthens the will and courage, and calms the corporeal soul (po). Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life like an immortal. Also called Jade Zhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Black Zhi. Taste salty, nature neutral. Indicated for dribbling urinary blockage; disinhibits the water passages, boosts kidney qi, opens the nine orifices, and sharpens hearing and perception. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life like an immortal. Also called Mysterious Zhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Purple Zhi. Taste sweet, nature warm. Indicated for deafness; benefits the joints, preserves the spirit, boosts essence-qi, strengthens the sinews and bones, and improves complexion. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life like an immortal. Also called Wood Zhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Tianmendong (Cochinchinese asparagus root). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for sudden wind-damp hemilateral bi-syndrome (numbness and paralysis); strengthens the bones and marrow, kills the three worms, and expels hidden corpse-influx. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, boosts qi, and prolongs life. Also called Dianle. Grows in mountain valleys.
Zhu (Atractylodes). Taste bitter, nature warm. Indicated for damp bi-syndrome, necrotic flesh, tetany, and jaundice; stops sweating, clears heat, aids digestion, and can be prepared as a decoction or pill. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prolongs life, and dispels hunger. Also called Mountain Thistle. Grows in the mountain valleys of Mount Zheng.
Weiwei (Fragrant Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum odoratum). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for wind-stroke and sudden heat causing immobility, torn sinews and knotted flesh, and various deficiencies. Taken long-term, it removes dark blemishes on the face, gives the complexion a healthy sheen, and lightens the body while preventing aging. Grows in river valleys.
Dried Rehmannia Root. Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for fractures, sprains, severed sinews, and internal injury; expels blood bi-syndrome, fills the bone marrow, and builds flesh. Made into a decoction, it removes cold-heat accumulations and bi-syndrome. The fresh root is even better. Also called Marrow of the Earth. Grows in river marshes.
Changpu (Acorus, Sweet Flag). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome and cough with rising qi; opens the orifices of the heart, supplements the five viscera, opens the nine orifices, sharpens hearing and vision, and clears the voice. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, improves memory, dispels confusion, and prolongs life. Also called Changyang. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Yuanzhi (Polygala Root). Taste bitter, nature warm. Indicated for cough with rising qi and internal injury; supplements deficiency, expels pathogenic qi, disinhibits the nine orifices, sharpens intelligence, improves hearing and vision, aids memory, and strengthens the mind and doubles one's strength. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and prevents aging. Its leaves are called Xiaocao (Small Herb). Also called Yaorao or Xicao. Grows in river valleys.
Zexie (Alisma). Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome and difficult lactation; disperses water retention, nourishes the five viscera, boosts qi and strength, and promotes healthy weight. Taken long-term, it sharpens hearing and vision, dispels hunger, prolongs life, lightens the body, gives the face a healthy glow, and, it is said, enables one to walk on water. Also called Shuixie, Mangyu, or Huxie. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Shuyu (Chinese Yam, Dioscorea). Taste sweet, slightly warm. Indicated for internal injury; supplements deficiency and emaciation, removes cold-heat pathogenic qi, supplements the center and boosts qi and strength, and builds flesh. Taken long-term, it sharpens hearing and vision, lightens the body, dispels hunger, and prolongs life. Also called Mountain Yam. Grows in mountain valleys.
Juhua (Chrysanthemum Flower). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for wind affecting the head, dizziness with swelling and pain, eyes that feel as if bulging out, tearing, necrotic and wasted skin, and aversion to wind-damp bi-syndrome. Taken long-term, it benefits the blood and qi, lightens the body, and resists aging while prolonging life. Also called Jiehua. Grows in river marshes.
Gancao (Licorice Root). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for cold-heat pathogenic qi in the five viscera and six bowels; strengthens the sinews and bones, builds flesh, doubles one's strength, treats wounds from metal blades and swelling of the legs, and resolves toxicity. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and prolongs life. Grows in river valleys.
Renshen (Ginseng). Taste sweet, slightly cold. Mainly supplements the five viscera, calms the spirit, settles the ethereal and corporeal souls (hun and po), stops fright palpitations, expels pathogenic qi, brightens the eyes, and opens the heart and sharpens the intellect. Also called Renxian or Guigai. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shihu (Dendrobium). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for internal injury; removes bi-syndrome, sends qi downward, and supplements the five viscera in cases of vacuity taxation and emaciation, and strengthens yin. Taken long-term, it thickens the stomach and intestines, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also called Linlan. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shilongrui (Ranunculus sceleratus). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome and pathogenic qi in the heart and abdomen; benefits the joints and relieves vexation and fullness. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and prevents aging. Also called Luguoneng or Dishen. Grows in river marshes.
Niuxi (Achyranthes Root). Taste bitter (sour), nature neutral. Indicated for wilting and bi-syndrome from cold-damp, spasm and contracture of the limbs, and knee pain that prevents bending and stretching; expels stagnant blood and qi, treats burns and scalds, and induces abortion. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and resists aging. Also called Shibei. Grows in river valleys.
Duhuo (Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root). Taste bitter, nature neutral, non-toxic. Indicated for conditions caused by wind-cold; treats wounds from metal blades, relieves pain, and treats running-piglet syndrome, epilepsy, tetany, and women's hernia-like abdominal masses. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and resists aging. Also called Qianghuo, Qiangqing, or Huqiang Shizhe. Grows in river valleys.
Shengma (Cimicifuga Root, Bugbane). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Mainly resolves the hundred poisons, kills the hundred kinds of ancient spirit-essences and calamity-bringing ghosts, and wards off epidemic pestilence, miasma, and gu-poison. Taken long-term, it prevents premature death, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also called Zhou Shengma. Grows in mountain valleys.
Chaihu (Bupleurum Root). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for bound qi in the heart, abdomen, intestines, and stomach, accumulation of food and drink, and cold-heat pathogenic qi; expels the old and brings in the new. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and boosts essence. Also called Dixun. Grows in river valleys.
Fangkui. Taste pungent, nature cold. Indicated for hernia-like abdominal masses and intestinal diarrhea, bladder heat-binding with inhibited urination, cough with rising qi, warm malaria, epilepsy, and fright-mania with manic wandering. Taken long-term, it strengthens the bone marrow, boosts qi, and lightens the body. Also called Ligai. Grows in river valleys.
Shishi (Yarrow Seed, Achillea). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for impotence; boosts qi, fills out the flesh and skin, brightens the eyes, and sharpens intelligence and foresight. Taken long-term, it dispels hunger, prevents aging, and lightens the body. Grows in river valleys.
Yanlvzi. Taste bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Indicated for stagnant blood in the five viscera, water-qi in the abdomen, abdominal distension with lingering heat, wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome, and various bodily pains. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging. Grows in river valleys.
Yiyiren (Job's Tears, Coix Seed). Taste sweet, slightly cold. Indicated for tense sinews and contracture that prevent bending and stretching, and wind-damp bi-syndrome; sends qi downward. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and boosts qi. Its root expels the three worms. Also called Jieli. Grows in level marshes.
Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed). Taste sweet, nature cold, non-toxic. Indicated for qi dribbling-blockage; relieves pain, disinhibits the water passages and urination, and removes damp bi-syndrome. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and resists aging. Also called Dangtong. Grows in level marshes.
Ximingzi (Thlaspi/pepperweed seed). Taste: pungent, sour; nature: warm; non-toxic. Indicated for brightening vision, eye pain with tearing; removes painful obstruction, tonifies the five viscera, benefits essence and eyesight. Taken long-term, lightens the body and prevents aging. Also called Mixi, Daji, Maxin. Grows in mountain marshes.
Chongweizi (motherwort seed). Taste: pungent; nature: slightly warm. Indicated for brightening vision and calming fright; removes water-qi (edema). Taken long-term, lightens the body. The stem treats rashes with itching; can be decocted for a bath. Also called Yimu, Yiming, Dazha. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Muxiang (costus root). Taste: pungent; nature: warm. Indicated for pathogenic qi; wards off toxic pestilence and epidemic evil spirits; strengthens the will; treats strangury with turbid discharge. Taken long-term, prevents nightmares and sleep paralysis. Grows in mountain valleys.
Longdan (gentian). Taste: bitter, astringent. Indicated for cold-heat between the bones, fright epilepsy and pathogenic qi; mends severed injuries, stabilizes the five viscera, kills gu poison. Taken long-term, boosts intelligence and memory, lightens the body, and resists aging. Also called Lingyou. Grows in mountain valleys.
Tusizi (dodder seed). Taste: pungent; nature: neutral. Indicated for mending severed injuries, supplementing deficiency, boosting qi and strength, and promoting healthy weight. Its juice removes facial dark spots. Taken long-term, brightens vision, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also called Tulu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Bajitian (Morinda root). Taste: pungent; nature: slightly warm. Indicated for severe wind pathogenic qi and impotence. Strengthens the sinews and bones, calms the five viscera, tonifies the middle, boosts the will, and benefits qi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Baimo. Taste: sweet; nature: cold. Indicated for cold-heat, the eight types of jaundice, and wasting-thirst. Tonifies the middle and benefits qi. Taken long-term, lightens the body and prolongs life. Also called Gucai.
Baihao (white mugwort). Taste: sweet; nature: neutral. Indicated for pathogenic qi of the five viscera, wind-cold-damp painful obstruction; tonifies the middle and benefits qi, makes the hair grow long and black, treats a hollow, hanging sensation in the heart region, and hunger despite little food. Taken long-term, lightens the body, sharpens hearing and vision, and prevents aging. Grows in river marshes.
Difuzi (kochia seed). Taste: bitter; nature: cold. Indicated for bladder heat; promotes urination, tonifies the middle and benefits essence-qi. Taken long-term, sharpens hearing and vision, lightens the body, and resists aging. Also called Dikui. Grows in level marshes.
Shilongchu (rush). Taste: bitter; nature: slightly cold. Indicated for pathogenic qi of the heart and abdomen, difficult urination, and urinary blockage; wind-damp, ghost-influx, and malign toxin. Taken long-term, tonifies deficiency and emaciation, lightens the body, sharpens hearing and vision, and prolongs life. Also called Longxu, Caoxuduan. Grows in mountain valleys.
Luoshi (climbing fig / Trachelospermum). Taste: bitter; nature: warm. Indicated for wind-heat with necrotic flesh, sores from carbuncles, dry mouth and scorched tongue, unresolving swollen carbuncles, swollen throat and tongue, and inability to swallow liquids. Taken long-term, lightens the body, brightens vision, moistens the skin and improves complexion, prevents aging and prolongs life. Also called Shiling. Grows in river valleys.
Huanglian (Coptis, goldthread). Taste: bitter; non-toxic. Indicated for heat qi, eye pain with damaged canthus and tearing; brightens vision, treats intestinal discharge with abdominal pain and diarrhea, and swelling and pain in women's genitalia. Taken long-term, improves memory. Also called Wanglian. Grows in river valleys. (Also grows attached to trees or walls.)
Wangbuliuxing (cowherb seed). Taste: bitter; nature: neutral. Indicated for wounds from blades; stops bleeding, expels pain, draws out embedded thorns, and removes wind painful obstruction and internal cold. Taken long-term, lightens the body, resists aging, and increases longevity. Grows in mountain valleys.
Lanshi (indigo plant seed). Taste: bitter; nature: cold. Indicated for resolving various poisons; kills parasites and dispels malign toxin from ghost-influx stings. Taken long-term, prevents the hair from graying, and lightens the body. Grows in level marshes. (The indigo scum from this plant is qingdai, indigo naturalis.)
Jingtian (orpine, Sedum). Taste: bitter, sour; nature: neutral. Indicated for severe heat and burns, bodily heat with vexation, and malign qi. Its flower treats women's red-and-white vaginal discharge, lightens the body, and brightens vision. Also called Jiehuo, Shenhuo. Grows in river valleys.
Tianmingjing (Carpesium). Taste: sweet; nature: cold. Indicated for stagnant blood and blood-mass conditions near death, bloody stool; stops bleeding, promotes urination, eliminates small parasites, removes painful obstruction, clears bound heat in the chest, and relieves vexing thirst. Taken long-term, lightens the body and resists aging. Also called Maijujiang, Xiamalan, Shishou. Grows in river marshes. (Also called Disong; its seed is called Heshi; its root is called Tuniuxi.)
Puhuang (cattail pollen). Taste: sweet; nature: neutral. Indicated for cold-heat of the heart, abdomen, and bladder; promotes urination, stops bleeding, and dissolves stagnant blood. Taken long-term, lightens the body, boosts qi and strength, and prolongs life like an immortal. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Xiangpu (cattail). Taste: sweet; nature: neutral. Indicated for pathogenic qi of the five viscera and below the heart, and foul rot in the mouth; firms the teeth, brightens vision, and sharpens hearing. Taken long-term, lightens the body and withstands fatigue. Also called [name illegible]. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Lancao (thoroughwort, Eupatorium). Taste: pungent; nature: neutral. Indicated for promoting the water passages; kills gu poison and wards off inauspicious influences. Taken long-term, benefits qi, lightens the body, prevents aging, and connects one with spirit intelligence. Also called Shuixiang. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Juemingzi (sicklepod seed). Taste: salty; nature: neutral. Indicated for blue blindness, excessive discharge from the eyes with a red-and-white membrane, and red, painful eyes with tearing. Taken long-term, benefits the essence and eyesight, and lightens the body. Grows in river marshes.
Yunshi (Caesalpinia seed). Taste: pungent; nature: slightly warm. Indicated for diarrhea and dysenteric discharge; kills parasites and gu poison, removes malign bound qi, stops pain, and eliminates cold-heat. Its flower treats hallucinations of seeing ghosts and spirits. Eating too much causes one to run about madly. Taken long-term, lightens the body and connects one with spirit intelligence. Grows in river valleys. (Also called Yuanshi, Tiandou, Yunying.)
Huangqi (Astragalus root). Taste: sweet; nature: slightly warm. Indicated for long-unhealed sores from carbuncles and abscesses; expels pus and stops pain, treats severe wind leprosy-like disease, the five types of hemorrhoids, and rat-fistula (scrofula); tonifies deficiency, and the hundred ailments of children. Also called Daishen. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shechuangzi (Cnidium seed). Taste: bitter; nature: neutral. Indicated for swelling and pain in women's genitalia, genital discharge in men, dampness and itching; removes painful obstruction qi, benefits the joints, and treats epilepsy and malignant sores. Taken long-term, lightens the body. Also called Shesu, Shemi. Grows in river valleys.
Loulu (Rhaponticum root). Taste: bitter, salty; nature: cold. Indicated for heat in the skin, malignant sores, carbuncles and hemorrhoids, and damp painful obstruction; promotes lactation. Taken long-term, lightens the body and benefits qi, sharpens hearing and vision, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Also called Yelan. Grows in mountain valleys.
Qiangen (madder root). Taste: bitter; nature: cold. Indicated for cold-damp wind painful obstruction and jaundice. Tonifies the middle. Grows in mountain valleys.
Xuanhua (bindweed flower). Taste: sweet; nature: warm. Indicated for benefiting qi and removing dark facial blemishes, making one attractive. Its root treats cold-heat pathogenic qi in the abdomen and promotes urination. Taken long-term, one does not hunger, and the body is lightened. Also called Jingenhua, Jinfei. Grows in level marshes.
Bai Tu Huo (White Rabbit Vine). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for venom of snakes and vipers, wasp and scorpion stings, mad-dog bites, and food poisoning; for ghost-possession (gu toxin, demonic infixation). Also called Bai Ge. Grows in mountain valleys.
Qing Rang (sesame sprout). Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for evil qi in the five viscera, wind-cold-damp bi syndrome; boosts qi, nourishes the brain and marrow, strengthens sinews and bones. Taken long-term, it sharpens hearing and vision, staves off hunger, prevents aging, and extends life. It is the sprout of the Ju Sheng plant (i.e., the sprout of sesame). Grows in river valleys.
Dang Gui (Chinese Angelica root). Taste sweet, nature warm, non-toxic. Indicated for cough with qi counterflow, warm malarial disorder with chills felt in the skin, women's abnormal uterine discharge and infertility, various malignant sores and ulcers, and blade wounds — taken as a decoction. Also called Gan Gui. Grows in river valleys.
Herbs — Middle Grade
Chi Jian (Gastrodia stalk). Taste pungent, nature warm. Kills ghost-essences and malign spirits; counters gu poison and malignant qi. Taken long-term, it boosts qi and strength, enhances yin vigor, makes one robust and healthy, lightens the body, and extends the years. Also called Li Mu and Gui Du You. Grows in river valleys.
Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon tuber). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for bound qi in the heart and abdomen, damage from cold or from overeating, severance of the stomach's vessels and network vessels, emaciation and shortness of breath. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and staves off hunger. Grows in river valleys.
Juan Bai (Selaginella / spikemoss). Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for evil qi in the five viscera, cold-heat pain in a woman's genitals, concretions and masses, blood stasis blocking menstruation, and infertility. Taken long-term, it lightens the body and improves the complexion. Also called Wan Sui ("Ten Thousand Years"). Grows in mountain valleys.
Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche). Taste salty. Indicated for the five taxations and seven damages; tonifies the middle, relieves cold-heat pain in the penis, nourishes the five viscera, strengthens yin, boosts essence-qi, aids fertility, and treats women's concretions and masses. Taken long-term, it lightens the body. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ji Li Zi (Tribulus fruit / caltrop fruit). Taste bitter, nature warm. Indicated for malign blood; breaks up concretions, accumulations, and throat bi obstruction; treats difficult lactation. Taken long-term, it builds flesh and muscle, brightens the eyes, and lightens the body. Also called Pang Tong, Qu Ren, Zhi Xing, Chai Yu, and Sheng Tui. Grows in flat marshes.
Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia root). Taste sweet, nature warm, non-toxic. Indicated for severe wind-stroke with dizziness and pain, aversion to wind and wind-evil, blindness with no vision, wind traveling through the whole body, aching joints, and vexation with fullness. Taken long-term, it lightens the body. Also called Tong Yun. Grows in river marshes.
Sha Shen (Adenophora root). Taste bitter, nature slightly cold, non-toxic. Indicated for blood accumulation and fright qi; relieves cold-heat, tonifies the middle, and boosts lung qi. Taken long-term, it benefits the person. Also called Zhi Mu. Grows in river valleys.
Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum root). Taste pungent, nature warm, non-toxic. Indicated for wind-stroke entering the brain with headache, cold bi with sinew spasms and cramping, blade wounds, and women's blood-blocked menstruation with infertility. Grows in river valleys.
Mi Wu (Ligusticum leaf). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for cough with qi counterflow; calms fright qi, wards off evil and malignancy, eliminates gu poison and ghost infixation, and expels the three worms. Taken long-term, it grants communion with the spirits. Also called Wei Wu.
Xu Duan (Dipsacus root, "Broken Continued"). Taste bitter, nature slightly warm. Indicated for cold-damage disease; tonifies deficiency, treats blade wounds, welling-abscesses, and injuries from falls and fractures; mends sinews and bones; treats women's difficult lactation. Taken long-term, it boosts qi and strength. Also called Long Dou and Shu Zhe. Grows in mountain valleys.
Yin Chen Hao (Virgate wormwood, Artemisia capillaris). Taste bitter, non-toxic. Indicated for wind-damp cold-heat evil qi, and heat-bind jaundice. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, boosts qi, and resists aging. Grows on Mount Tai and on hills and slopes.
Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra fruit). Taste sour, nature warm. Boosts qi; indicated for cough with qi counterflow, taxation damage with emaciation; tonifies deficiency, strengthens yin, and boosts a man's essence. Grows in mountain valleys.
Qin Jiao (Gentiana macrophylla root). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for cold-heat evil qi, cold-damp wind bi with limb and joint pain; drains water and disinhibits urination. Grows in mountain valleys.
Huang Qin (Scutellaria root). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for various heat-type jaundice, dysenteric diarrhea; expels water, breaks blocked menstruation, treats malign sores, eroding welling-abscesses, and fire burns. Also called Fu Chang. Grows in river valleys.
Shao Yao (Peony root). Taste bitter. Indicated for evil-qi abdominal pain; relieves blood bi, breaks up hard accumulations and cold-heat hernia-like masses, stops pain, disinhibits urination, and boosts qi. Grows in river valleys.
Gan Jiang (dried ginger). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for chest fullness with cough and qi counterflow; warms the middle, stops bleeding, induces sweating, and expels wind-damp bi; treats dysenteric diarrhea — the fresh root is especially good. Taken long-term, it removes foul odor from the body and grants clarity of spirit. Grows in river valleys.
Gao Ben (Ligusticum sinense). Taste pungent, nature slightly warm. Indicated for women's hernia-like masses, cold swelling and pain of the genitals, urgency and cramping in the abdomen; relieves wind headache, builds the flesh, and beautifies the complexion. Also called Gui Qing and Di Xin. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ma Huang (Ephedra). Taste bitter, nature warm, non-toxic. Indicated for wind-stroke and cold-damage headache, warm malarial disorder; releases the exterior and induces sweating, removes evil heat qi, stops cough with qi counterflow, relieves cold-heat, and breaks up firm concretions and accumulations. Also called Long Sha. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ge Gen (Kudzu root). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for wasting-thirst, severe body heat, vomiting, and various bi syndromes; raises yin qi and resolves various poisons. The kudzu seed (Ge Gu) treats chronic diarrhea of more than ten years' standing. Also called Ji Qi Gen. Grows in river valleys.
Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena rhizome). Taste bitter, nature cold, non-toxic. Indicated for wasting-thirst with heat in the middle; removes evil qi, treats limb edema, drains water, tonifies deficiency, and boosts qi. Also called Mu Chi, Lian Mu, Ye Liao, Di Shen, Shui Shen, Shui Jun, and Huo Mu. Grows in river valleys.
Bei Mu (Fritillaria bulb). Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for cold-damage disease with vexing heat, dribbling urinary difficulty, evil qi, hernia-like masses, throat bi, difficult lactation, blade wounds, and wind tetany. Also called Kong Cao.
Gua Lou (Trichosanthes fruit). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for wasting-thirst, body heat with vexation and fullness, and severe heat; tonifies deficiency, calms the middle, and mends severed injuries. Also called Di Lou. Grows in river valleys and on shaded mountainsides.
Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza root). Taste bitter, nature slightly cold, non-toxic. Indicated for evil qi in the heart and abdomen, faint gurgling intestinal sounds like running water, cold-heat accumulations; breaks up concretions and eliminates masses, stops vexing fullness, and boosts qi. Also called Que Chan Cao. Grows in mountain valleys.
Xuanshen (Scrophularia root). Taste bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Indicated for cold-heat accumulations in the abdomen, and women's residual ailments after childbirth or nursing. Tonifies kidney qi and brightens the eyes. Also called Chongtai. Grows in river valleys.
Kushen (Sophora flavescens root). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for bound qi in the heart and abdomen, hernia-like masses and accumulations, jaundice, dribbling residual urination; expels water, removes carbuncles and swelling. Tonifies the middle, brightens the eyes, stops tearing. Also called Shuihuai, also called Kushi. Grows in mountain valleys and fields.
Gouji ("dog spine" root, Cibotium rhizome). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for stiffness of the lower back, slackness or spasm of the joints, generalized painful obstruction (bi), and cold-damp knee pain. Quite beneficial for the elderly. Also called Baizhi. Grows in river valleys.
Bixie (Dioscorea root). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for stiff pain of the lower back, and wind-cold-damp painful obstruction (bi) of the bones and joints. For malignant sores that will not heal, and heat qi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Tongcao (Akebia/Tetrapanax stem). Taste pungent, neutral. Expels harmful parasites, removes cold-heat of the spleen and stomach, frees the nine orifices, the blood vessels, and the joints, and improves memory. Also called Fuzhi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Qumai (Dianthus, fringed pink). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for obstruction and blockage disorders of all kinds, urinary stoppage; expels splinters, resolves carbuncles and swelling, brightens the eyes and removes cataracts, breaks a stagnant pregnancy to induce miscarriage, and discharges blocked blood. Also called Jujumai. Grows in river valleys.
Baijiang (Patrinia root). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for sudden fiery heat sores, red qi, scabies and itching, ulcers and hemorrhoids, saddle sores, and heat qi. Also called Luchang. Grows in river valleys.
Baizhi (Angelica dahurica root). Taste pungent, warm. Indicated for women's red-and-white vaginal discharge, blood blockage, genital swelling, cold-heat, wind headache, and eye afflictions with tearing; promotes growth and moistening of flesh and skin, and can be made into a facial ointment. Also called Fangxiang. Grows in river valleys.
Duruo (Pollia japonica). Taste pungent, slightly warm. Indicated for rebellious qi below the chest and ribs; warms the middle, treats wind entering the cranial cavity with head swelling and pain, and excessive nasal mucus and tearing. Taken long-term, boosts the essence, brightens the eyes, and lightens the body. Also called Duheng. Grows in river marshes.
Zicao (Lithospermum, purple gromwell root). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for evil qi of the heart and abdomen, and the five types of jaundice; tonifies the middle and boosts qi, frees the nine orifices, and opens the waterways. Also called Zidan, also called Zifu, also called Dixue. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ziwan (Aster tataricus root). Taste bitter, warm. Indicated for cough with rebellious ascending qi, and bound cold-heat qi in the chest; removes gu-poison toxin and wilting paralysis, and calms the five viscera. Grows in mountain valleys.
Baixian (Dictamnus dasycarpus, dittany bark). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for head wind, jaundice, cough with rebellious qi, dribbling urinary difficulty, women's genital swelling and pain, and damp painful obstruction (bi) with numb, dead flesh where one cannot bend or stretch the limbs, or rise and walk. Grows in river valleys.
Weixian. Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for wind-damp painful obstruction (bi), joint pain throughout the body, fright epilepsy with tongue protrusion, palpitations from malicious wind, and rat-fistula (scrofulous) swellings. Also called Mixian. Grows in river marshes.
Baiwei (Cynanchum atratum root). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for sudden wind-stroke with body heat, fullness of the limbs, confusion where one fails to recognize others, mania and delusion from evil qi, cold-heat with aching pain, and warm malaria with shivering chills that recur at fixed times. Grows in river marshes.
Xier fruit (Xanthium, cocklebur fruit). Taste sweet, warm. Indicated for wind-head cold pain, wind-damp generalized painful obstruction (bi), cramping pain of the four limbs, and malignant, dead flesh. Taken long-term, boosts qi, sharpens the ears and eyes, strengthens resolve, and lightens the body. Also called Huxi, also called Digui. Grows in river valleys.
Maogen (Imperata cylindrica root, cogongrass root). Taste sweet, cold. Indicated for taxation damage and vacuity emaciation; tonifies the middle and boosts qi, removes stasis blood, and treats blood blockage with cold-heat, and frees urination. Its shoot treats water swelling. Also called Langen, also called Rugen. Grows in mountain valleys.
Suanjiang (Physalis, ground cherry). Taste sour, neutral. Indicated for heat vexation and fullness; calms the will and boosts qi, frees urination, and for difficult labor — swallowing its fruit brings immediate delivery. Also called Cujiang. Grows in river marshes.
Yinyanghuo (Epimedium, horny goat weed). Taste pungent, cold. Indicated for impotence and injury with loss of essence, pain in the penis; frees urination, boosts qi and strength, and strengthens resolve. Also called Gangqian. Grows in mountain valleys.
Lishi (Iris lactea seed). Taste sweet, neutral. Indicated for cold-heat of the skin, heat qi in the stomach, and wind-cold-damp painful obstruction (bi); strengthens the sinews and bones and increases appetite. Taken long-term, lightens the body. The flowers and leaves expel white parasites. Also called Jucao, also called Sanjian, also called Shishou. Grows in river valleys.
Kuandong (Tussilago farfara, coltsfoot flower). Taste pungent, warm. Indicated for cough with rebellious ascending qi, tendency to wheeze, throat obstruction, various types of fright epilepsy, and cold-heat evil qi. Also called Tuowu, Kedong, Huxu, and Tuxi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Fangji (Stephania tetrandra root). Taste pungent, neutral. Indicated for wind-cold, warm malaria, and heat qi, and various types of epilepsy; removes evil qi and frees urination and defecation. Also called Jieli. Grows in river valleys.
Nüwan. Taste pungent, warm. Indicated for wind-cold with shivering chills, cholera-like sudden turmoil with diarrhea and dysentery, intestinal rumbling that moves erratically up and down, fright epilepsy, cold-heat, and a hundred other ailments. Grows in river valleys.
Zelan (Lycopus lucidus, bugleweed). Taste sour, non-toxic. Indicated for nosebleed in nursing women, residual ailments after wind-stroke, great abdominal water swelling, edema of the body, face, and four limbs, water lodged in the joints, wounds from blades, and carbuncular swelling with suppurating sores. Also called Hulan, also called Longzao. Grows beside marshes.
Diyu (Sanguisorba officinalis, burnet root). Taste bitter, slightly cold. Indicated for women's breast pain, the seven damages, and vaginal discharge disease; stops pain, removes malignant flesh, stops sweating, and treats wounds from blades. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wangsun. Taste bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Indicated for evil qi of the five viscera, cold-damp painful obstruction (bi), aching pain of the four limbs, and cold, painful knees. Grows in river valleys.
Juechuang (Justicia procumbens). Taste salty, cold. Indicated for pain of the lower back and spine so severe one cannot lie on a bed, and difficulty bending and straightening; removes heat, and can be used as a bathing decoction. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ma Xian Hao (Pedicularis). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for cold-heat ghost-attack fevers, wind-stroke with damp painful obstruction, women's vaginal discharge disorders, and infertility. Also called Ma Shi Hao. Grows in river marshes.
Shu Yang Quan (a Solanum species). Taste bitter, nature slightly cold. Indicated for bald scalp with malignant sores, heat-qi scabies and itching with crusted lichen and worms; also cures dental caries. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ji Xue Cao (Centella asiatica, gotu kola). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for severe heat, malignant sores and welling-abscesses, spreading erysipelas with redness, red skin, and fever.
Yuan Yi (wall lichen/moss). Taste sour, non-toxic. Indicated for jaundice, vexation with cough and counterflow qi, blood-qi disorders, sudden heat lodged in the intestines and stomach, and internal cold from wounds by blades. Taken long-term, it tonifies the middle, boosts qi, builds muscle, and improves complexion. Also called Xi Xie, Wu Jiu, Yuan Ying, Tian Jiu, and Shu Jiu. Grows in the shade of old walls or on rooftops.
Shui Ping (duckweed). Taste pungent, nature cold. Indicated for sudden heat with itchy body; moves water qi downward, counteracts the effects of alcohol, lengthens beard and hair, and stops wasting-thirst. Taken long-term, it lightens the body. Also called Shui Hua. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Hai Zao (seaweed). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for goiter and swelling qi, nodules below the neck; breaks up and disperses bound qi, welling-abscess swellings, hardened concretions and conglomerations, rumbling in the abdomen, and reduces the twelve types of water swelling. Also called Luo Shou. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Jie Geng (Platycodon, balloon flower). Taste bitter, non-toxic. Indicated for chest and rib-side pain like a knife stabbing, abdominal fullness with faint rumbling, and fright with palpitating qi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Xuan Fu Hua (Inula flower). Taste salty, nature warm. Indicated for bound qi, fullness below the ribs, and fright palpitations; eliminates water and removes cold-heat between the five viscera. Tonifies the middle and moves qi downward. Also called Jin Fei Cao and Sheng Zhan. Grows in river valleys.
She Xian. Taste bitter, nature slightly cold. Indicated for fright epilepsy with cold-heat evil qi; eliminates heat, treats wounds from blades, welling-abscesses, hemorrhoids, rat-fistula (scrofula), malignant sores, and head ulcers. Also called She Xian ("snake-holder"). Grows in mountain valleys.
Jia Su (Schizonepeta). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for cold-heat, rat-fistula, scrofula sores; breaks up bound and accumulated qi, moves stagnant blood downward, and eliminates damp painful obstruction. Also called Shu Ming. Grows in river marshes.
Herbs — Lower Grade
Ying Shi (wild rose hip). Taste sour, nature warm. Indicated for welling-abscesses and malignant sores, knotted flesh and injured sinews, festering sores with heat qi, and non-healing yin erosion; benefits the joints. Also called Qiang Wei, Qiang Ma, and Niu Ji. Grows in mountain valleys.
Mu Dan (tree peony bark). Taste pungent, nature cold. Indicated for cold-heat and wind-stroke, convulsions and tetany, fright epilepsy with evil qi; eliminates hard concretions and stagnant blood lodged in the intestines and stomach, calms the five viscera, and treats welling-abscess sores. Also called Lu Jiu and Shu Gu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shi Wei (Pyrrosia, felt fern). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for taxation heat and evil qi, the five types of blocked, painful urination; benefits urination and the water passages. Also called Shi [character illegible] Zhe. Grows on rocks in mountain valleys.
Bai He (lily bulb). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for evil qi with abdominal distension and heart pain; benefits urination and defecation. Tonifies the middle and boosts qi. Grows in river valleys.
Zi Shen. Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, cold-heat evil qi; opens the nine orifices and benefits urination and defecation. Also called Mu Meng. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wang Gua (Trichosanthes cucumeroides). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for wasting-thirst with internal painful obstruction, stagnant blood with amenorrhea, cold-heat with aching pain; boosts qi and cures deafness. Also called Tu Gua. Grows in flat marshes.
Da Huang (rhubarb). Taste bitter, nature cold, toxic. Governs the draining of stagnant blood and blood block, cold-heat, and breaks up concretions, conglomerations, accumulations, and masses, as well as lingering fluids and old food; flushes and cleanses the intestines and stomach, expels the old to bring in the new, frees the passage of water and grain, regulates the middle and aids digestion, and calms and harmonizes the five viscera. Grows in mountain valleys.
Gan Sui (Euphorbia kansui). Taste bitter, nature cold, toxic. Indicated for large-abdomen mounting-conglomerations, abdominal fullness, swelling of the face and eyes, and lingering fluids and old food; breaks up hard concretions, accumulations, and masses, and benefits the passage of water and grain. Also called Zhu Tian. Grows in river valleys.
Ting Li (pepperweed seed). Taste pungent, nature cold. Indicated for concretions, conglomerations, accumulations, and masses with bound qi, and cold-heat from food and drink; breaks up hardness, expels evil qi, and frees the water passages. Also called Da Shi and Da Shi. Grows in flat marshes and fields.
Yuan Hua (Genkwa flower). Taste bitter, nature warm, toxic. Indicated for cough with counterflow ascending qi, wheezing with throat rattling, swollen throat with shortness of breath, gu-poisoning and ghost malaria, mounting-conglomerations and welling-abscess swellings; kills insects and fish. Also called Qu Shui. Grows in river valleys.
Ze Qi (Euphorbia helioscopia). Taste bitter, nature slightly cold. Indicated for skin heat, large-abdomen water qi, swelling of the four limbs, face, and eyes, and insufficient yin qi in men. Grows in river marshes.
Da Ji (Euphorbia pekinensis). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for gu-poisoning and the twelve types of water swelling, abdominal fullness with acute pain, accumulations and masses, wind-stroke, skin pain, and vomiting with counterflow. Also called Mao Ju.
Rao Hua (Wikstroemia flower). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for cold damage and warm malaria; drains the twelve types of water, breaks up accumulations, masses, and great hard concretions, flushes and cleanses lingering stagnation and old food in the intestines and stomach, cold-heat evil qi, and benefits the water passages. Grows in river valleys.
Gou Wen (Gelsemium elegans). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for wounds from blades and breast ailments, contracted malign wind, cough with counterflow ascending qi, and water swelling; kills ghost-attack and gu-poison. Also called Zhi Ge. Grows in mountain valleys.
Li Lu (Veratrum, false hellebore). Taste pungent, nature cold, toxic. Indicated for gu-poisoning, cough with counterflow, diarrhea and dysentery with intestinal flushing, head ulcers, scabies, itching, and malignant sores; kills all manner of worm toxins and removes dead flesh. Also called Huang Ran. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Tou (Aconitum, aconite). Taste pungent, nature warm, toxic. Indicated for wind-stroke and malign wind with shivering chills; induces sweating, eliminates cold-damp painful obstruction, cough with counterflow ascending qi, and breaks up accumulations, masses, and cold-heat. Its decocted juice is called She Wang, used to kill birds and beasts. Also called Xi Du, Ji Zi, and Wu Hui. Grows in mountain valleys.
Tianxiong ("Heavenly Hero", aconite). Taste: pungent. Nature: warm. Indicated for severe wind, cold-damp bi syndrome, joint pain, spasms and contractures, breaks up masses and accumulations, evil qi, wounds from blades; strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body and eases walking. Also called Baimu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Fuzi (aconite root). Taste: pungent. Nature: warm. Toxic. Indicated for wind-cold cough with rising qi, evil qi; warms the middle, treats wounds from blades, breaks up hard masses and accumulations, blood conglomerations and cold-damp, sprains and spasms, knee pain that prevents walking. Grows in mountain valleys.
Yang zhizhu (Rhododendron molle). Taste: pungent. Nature: warm. Toxic. Indicated for invasive wind lingering and creeping with pain in the skin, warm malaria, malignant toxin, and various bi syndromes. Grows in river valleys.
Yinyu (Skimmia). Taste: bitter. Nature: warm. Indicated for evil qi in the five viscera, cold-heat and emaciation of the heart and abdomen occurring at set times like malaria, and wind-damp bi pain in the joints. Grows in river valleys.
Shegan (Belamcanda / blackberry lily). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for cough with rising qi, throat bi with pain and difficulty breathing; disperses bound qi, treats evil counterflow in the abdomen and great heat from food and drink. Also called Wushan, also called Wupu. Grows in river valleys.
Yuanwei (Iris). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for gu poison and evil qi, ghost-influx disorders and various poisons; breaks up masses and accumulations, expels water, and drives out the three worms. Grows in mountain valleys.
Guanzhong (Dryopteris rhizome). Taste: bitter. Nature: slightly cold. Toxic. Indicated for evil heat qi in the abdomen and various poisons; kills the three worms. Also called Guanjie, Guanqu, Baitou, Hujuan, and Bianfu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Feilian (thistle). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for heat in the bones and joints, heaviness and aching pain in the shins. Taken long-term, it lightens the body. Also called Feiqing. Grows in river marshes.
Banxia (Pinellia ternata). Taste: pungent. Nature: neutral. Indicated for cold damage with alternating cold and heat, hardness below the heart; directs qi downward, treats swelling and pain of the throat, dizziness, chest distension, cough with rising qi, and intestinal rumbling; stops sweating. Also called Diwen, also called Shuiyu. Grows in river valleys.
Huzhang ("Tiger's Palm"). Taste: bitter. Nature: warm. Non-toxic. Indicated for heart pain, cold-heat, bound qi, accumulations and the "hidden beam" mass; treats injury to the sinews with wilting and spasm, and disinhibits the water passages. Grows in mountain valleys.
Langdangzi (henbane seed). Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indicated for toothache, expels worms, treats flesh bi with spasm and tension; makes one walk vigorously and see visions of ghosts. Eaten in excess, it makes one run about madly. Taken long-term, it lightens the body, letting one run to keep pace with a galloping horse, strengthens the will, boosts strength, and opens communication with spirits. Also called Hengtang. Grows in river valleys.
Shuqi (young shoots of Dichroa febrifuga). Taste: pungent. Nature: neutral. Toxic. Indicated for malaria and cough with rising qi and cold-heat, hard masses and binding in the abdomen, bound accumulations of evil qi, gu poison, and ghost-influx. Grows in river valleys.
Hengshan (Dichroa febrifuga root). Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indicated for cold damage with cold-heat, heat outbreaks and warm malaria, ghost poison, phlegm binding in the chest, and vomiting with counterflow. Also called Hucao. Grows in river valleys.
Qingxiang (Celosia). Taste: bitter. Nature: slightly cold. Indicated for evil qi, heat in the skin, wind itch and body itching; kills the three worms. Its seeds, called Caojueming, treat darkened lips and mouth. Also called Caohao, also called Louhao. Grows in level valleys.
Langya ("Wolf's Tooth"). Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxic. Indicated for evil qi and heat qi, scabies and itching, malignant sores and hemorrhoids; expels white worms. Also called Yazi. Grows in river valleys.
Bailian (Ampelopsis japonica). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for carbuncles, swelling, and deep-rooted sores; disperses bound qi, stops pain and clears heat, treats redness in the eyes, infantile fright convulsions, warm malaria, and swelling and pain in women's genitals. Also called Tuhe, also called Baicao. Grows in mountain valleys.
Baiji (Bletilla striata). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for carbuncles, swelling, malignant and festering sores, injury to yin, dead flesh, evil qi in the stomach, invasive wind and "ghost strike" (sudden collapse), and flaccidity with loss of control of the limbs. Also called Gangen, also called Lianjicao. Grows in river valleys.
Caohao (Artemisia annua, sweet wormwood). Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indicated for scabies, itching, and malignant sores; kills lice, clears heat lingering in the joints, and brightens the eyes. Also called Qinghao, also called Fangkui. Grows in river marshes.
Guanjun (a reed-root fungus). Taste: salty. Nature: neutral. Indicated for heart pain; warms the middle, expels long worms, baixi-worms, and pinworms, treats snakebite poison, and masses with various worms. Also called Guanlu. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Lianqiao (Forsythia suspensa). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for cold-heat and scrofulous fistulas, scrofula, consumption, carbuncles and swelling, malignant sores, goiter and tumors, and bound heat with gu poison. Also called Yiqiao, Jianhua, Zhegen, and Sanlian. Grows in mountain valleys.
Baitougong (Pulsatilla chinensis). Taste: bitter. Nature: warm. Non-toxic. Indicated for warm malaria with mania and personality change, cold-heat, masses and accumulations, and goiter; expels stagnant blood, stops pain, and treats wounds from blades. Also called Yezhangren, also called Huwang Shizhe. Grows in river valleys.
Lüru. Taste: sour and salty. Toxic. Treats malignant necrotic flesh, festering sores, and dead flesh; kills scabies mites, expels pus and bad blood, eliminates severe wind and heat qi, and treats forgetfulness and unhappiness. Grows in river valleys.
Yangtao. Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indicated for scorching heat with sudden reddening of the body, wind-water accumulations, and malignant sores; eliminates heat in children. Also called Guitao, also called Yangchang. Grows in river valleys.
Yangti (Rumex japonicus, dock). Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indicated for scalp baldness and scabies with itching; eliminates heat and treats erosive sores in women's genitals. Also called Dongfangsu, Lianchonglu, and Guimu. Grows in river marshes.
Lufu (wild soybean). Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Indicated for gu poison, women's lower back and abdominal pain with unhappiness, intestinal abscess, scrofula, consumption, and sores. Grows in mountain valleys. — Niubian. Taste: bitter. Nature: slightly cold. Indicated for sores and heat qi in the skin; can be made into a bath decoction, kills cattle lice and small parasites, and also treats cattle diseases. Grows in river valleys.
Luying (Sambucus, elder). Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indicated for various bi syndromes between the bones, spasms and aching pain of the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, impotence, shortness of breath with insufficiency, and swelling of the feet. Grows in river valleys.
Jin Cao (Arthraxon). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for chronic cough with rising qi, panting and counterflow from prolonged cold, fright palpitations, scabby itch, white bald patches (tinea), and sores; kills small parasites on the skin. Grows in river valleys.
Xia Ku Cao (self-heal, Prunella vulgaris). Taste bitter and pungent, nature cold. Indicated for cold-heat scrofula and rat-fistula sores of the head, breaks up concretions, disperses goiter and knotted qi, and treats swollen legs from damp bi. Lightens the body. Also called Xi Ju and Nai Dong. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Jiu (a black fern). Taste sweet, nature cold. Indicated for skin ailments with alternating cold and heat; benefits the qi of the small intestine and bladder. Grows in mountain valleys.
Zao Xiu (Paris polyphylla). Taste bitter, nature slightly cold. Indicated for fright epilepsy with head-shaking and tongue-lolling, heat qi lodged in the abdomen, madness, welling sores with yin-region erosion; expels the three kinds of intestinal parasites and removes snake venom. Also called Shi Xiu. Grows in river valleys.
Shi Chang Sheng. Taste salty, nature slightly cold. Indicated for cold-heat malign sores and severe heat; wards off ghost qi and inauspicious influences. Also called Dan Cao. Grows in mountain valleys.
Lang Du (wolfsbane). Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for cough with counterflow qi, breaks up accumulations and food stagnation, cold-heat water-qi disorders, malign sores, rat-fistula and gangrenous erosion, ghost-essence and gu poison; kills birds and beasts. Also called Xu Du. Grows in mountain valleys.
Gui Jiu (Dysosma). Taste pungent, nature warm. Governs the killing of gu poison and ghost-visitation essence-things, wards off malign qi and inauspicious influences, expels evil, and resolves the hundred poisons. Also called Jue Xi, Ma Mu Du Gong, and Jiu Jiu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Bian Xu (knotweed, Polygonum aviculare). Taste bitter, nature neutral. Indicated for spreading scabby itch and fistulous sores or hemorrhoids; kills the three kinds of intestinal parasites. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shang Lu (pokeweed, Phytolacca). Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for water distension and hernia-like conglomeration bi; applied as a hot compress it removes swellings and sores. Kills ghost-essence things. Also called [illegible]-gen and Ye Hu. Grows in river valleys.
Nu Qing. Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for gu poison, expels evil malign qi, kills ghosts and warm-malaria, and wards off inauspicious influences. Also called Que Piao. Grows in mountain valleys. Bai Fu Zi (Typhonium). Indicated for heart pain and blood bi, and the hundred ailments of the face; it also enhances the potency of other drugs. Grows in Shu commandery.
Gu Huo. Taste sweet, nature warm. Indicated for severe wind evil qi and damp bi with cold pain. Taken long-term, lightens the body, prolongs life, and resists aging. Also called Dong Kui Zi. Grows in river marshes.
Bie Ji. Taste bitter, nature slightly warm. Indicated for wind-cold-damp bi, heaviness of the body, aching and cold in the four limbs, and evil qi causing joint pain. Grows in river valleys.
Shi Xia Chang Qing (Cynanchum paniculatum). Taste salty, nature neutral. Indicated for ghost-visitation essence-things and evil malign qi; kills the hundred essence-spirits and gu poison, old specters and shifting visitations, aimless wandering and wailing, sorrow and confusion. Also called Xu Chang Qing. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Qiao Gen (Forsythia root). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for draining heat qi from the lower body, boosts yin essence, gives the face an attractive glow, and brightens the eyes. Taken long-term, lightens the body and resists aging. Grows in level marshes.
Trees and Wood — Superior Grade
Fu Ling (Poria). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for counterflow qi in the chest and rib-sides, worry, anger, fright, and fear, knotted pain below the heart, cold-heat with vexation, fullness, cough and counterflow qi, dry mouth and dry tongue; promotes urination. Taken long-term, calms the spirit and nourishes the mind, staves off hunger, and prolongs life. Also called Fu Tu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Pine resin. Taste bitter, nature warm. Indicated for welling abscesses and malign sores, head sores and white bald patches, scabby itch and wind ailments; calms the five viscera and clears heat. Taken long-term, lightens the body and prolongs life. Also called Song Gao and Song Fang. Grows in mountain valleys.
Bai Shi (arborvitae seed, Biota). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for fright palpitations; calms the five viscera, boosts qi, and removes wind-damp bi. Taken long-term, gives one a moist and beautiful complexion, sharpens the ears and eyes, staves off hunger and aging, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in mountain valleys.
Jun Gui (a fine cinnamon bark). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for the hundred ailments; nourishes the essence-spirit, harmonizes the complexion, and serves as the guiding envoy for other drugs. Taken long-term, lightens the body, resists aging, gives the face a radiant glow, and keeps one as charming as a child. Grows in the mountain valleys of Jiaozhi.
Mu Gui (cinnamon bark). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for rising cough with counterflow qi, knotted qi, throat bi with retching on inhalation; benefits the joints and supplements the middle to boost qi. Taken long-term, connects one with the spirit, lightens the body, and resists aging. Grows in mountain valleys.
Du Zhong (Eucommia). Taste pungent, nature neutral. Indicated for lower back and knee pain; supplements the middle, boosts essence qi, strengthens sinews and bones, fortifies the will, relieves itching and dampness below the genitals, and dribbling after urination. Taken long-term, lightens the body and resists aging. Also called Si Xian. Grows in mountain valleys.
Man Jing Shi (Vitex fruit). Taste bitter, nature slightly cold. Indicated for cold-heat between the sinews and bones, damp bi with spasm and contracture; brightens the eyes, strengthens the teeth, benefits the nine orifices, and expels white parasites. Taken long-term, lightens the body and resists aging. The small variety of vitex fruit has equal effect.
Bo Mu (Phellodendron bark). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for knotted heat qi in the five viscera and the intestines and stomach, jaundice, intestinal hemorrhoids; stops diarrhea and dysentery, women's red-and-white vaginal discharge, and erosive sores of the genitals. The root is also called Tan Huan. Grows in mountain valleys.
Xin Yi (magnolia flower bud). Taste pungent, nature warm. Indicated for cold-heat of the five viscera and body, wind-induced head and brain pain, and dark blemishes on the face. Taken long-term, lowers qi, lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and extends one's years into old age. Also called Xin Yin, Hou Tao, and Fang Mu. Grows in river valleys.
Yu Pi (elm bark). Taste sweet, nature neutral. Indicated for stoppage of urination and defecation; promotes the passage of water and removes evil qi. Taken long-term, lightens the body and staves off hunger. The fruit (elm samara) is even more effective. Also called Ling Yu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Suan Zao (sour jujube). Taste sour, nature neutral. Indicated for cold-heat and evil knotted qi in the heart and abdomen, aching in the four limbs, and damp bi. Taken long-term, calms the five viscera, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in river marshes.
Huai Zi (Sophora seed). Taste bitter, nature cold. Indicated for evil heat qi within the five viscera; stops drooling and excess saliva, mends internal injuries, treats the five kinds of hemorrhoids and fire sores, women's breast concretions, and painful spasm of the uterus. Grows in level marshes.
Gouqi (Lycium / wolfberry). Taste bitter, cold nature. Indicated for evil qi within the five viscera, heat in the middle with wasting-thirst, and bi-syndrome (painful obstruction) throughout the body. Taken long-term, strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, and delays aging. Also called Qigen, Digu, Goujii, Difu. Grows in marshy lowlands.
Juyou (tangerine/pomelo peel). Taste pungent, warm. Indicated for concretions and heat with rebellious qi in the chest; promotes the free flow of water and grain (digestion). Taken long-term, removes bad breath, lowers qi, and clears the spirit. Also called Jupi (tangerine peel). Grows in the mountain valleys of the south.
Trees and Wood — Middle Grade
Ganqi (dried lacquer). Taste pungent, warm; non-toxic. Indicated for severe injury; supplements the middle, mends sinews and bones, fills the marrow and brain, calms the five viscera, and treats the five slacknesses and six urgencies, and wind-cold-damp bi. Fresh lacquer kills long worms (intestinal parasites). Taken long-term, lightens the body and delays aging. Grows in river valleys.
Mulan (magnolia). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for severe heat within the skin; removes facial heat, redness, pustules and rosacea, aversion to wind, leprosy-like sores, and itching dampness beneath the genitals; brightens the eyes. Also called Linlan. Grows in mountain valleys.
Nüzhenshi (glossy privet fruit, Ligustrum lucidum). Taste bitter, neutral. Mainly supplements the middle, calms the five viscera, nourishes essence and spirit, and removes the hundred diseases. Taken long-term, makes one plump and healthy, lightens the body, and prevents aging. Grows in river valleys.
Sangshang jisheng (mulberry mistletoe). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for lower back pain, stiff back in children, welling-abscesses and swelling; secures the fetus, fills out the flesh, strengthens teeth and hair, and lengthens the beard and eyebrows. Its fruit brightens the eyes, lightens the body, and clears the spirit. Also called Jixie, Yumu, Wantong. Grows in mountain valleys.
Ruihe (蕤核, Prinsepia seed). Taste sweet, neutral; non-toxic. Indicated for knotted evil qi in the heart and abdomen; brightens the eyes, and treats red, painful eyes with tearing. Taken long-term, lightens the body, boosts qi, and staves off hunger. Grows in river valleys.
Longyan (longan). Taste sweet, neutral. Indicated for evil qi in the five viscera; calms the will and relieves loss of appetite. Taken long-term, strengthens the ethereal soul (hun), sharpens the mind, lightens the body, prevents aging, and clears the spirit. Grows in mountain valleys.
Houpo (magnolia bark). Taste bitter, warm; non-toxic. Indicated for wind-stroke, cold damage (shanghan), headache, cold-heat with fright qi, and blood bi with numb, dead flesh; expels the three worms. Grows in mountain valleys.
Zhuye (bamboo leaf). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for cough with rebellious ascending qi, overflowing sinew spasms, and malign sores; kills small worms. The root, made into a decoction, boosts qi, quenches thirst, supplements deficiency, and lowers qi. Its juice treats wind convulsions and bi. The fruit clears the spirit, lightens the body, and boosts qi.
Zhishi (bitter orange, immature fruit). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for severe wind in the skin causing itching like hemp seeds or beans; removes cold-heat and heat binding, and stops dysentery. Builds up flesh, benefits the five viscera, boosts qi, and lightens the body. Grows in river marshes.
Shanzhuyu (Cornus / Asiatic cornelian cherry). Taste sour; non-toxic. Indicated for evil qi below the heart with cold-heat; warms the middle, expels cold-damp bi, and removes the three worms. Taken long-term, lightens the body. Also called Shuzao. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wuzhuyu (evodia fruit). Taste pungent, warm. Mainly warms the middle, lowers qi, and stops pain; treats cough with rebellious qi and cold-heat, removes damp blood bi, expels wind evil, and opens the interstices (couli). The root kills the three worms. Also called Yi. Grows in river valleys.
Qinpi (ash bark). Taste sour; non-toxic. Indicated for wind-cold-damp bi and shivering chills; removes heat, and treats bluish nebula and white film in the eyes. Taken long-term, keeps the hair from turning white and lightens the body. Grows in river valleys.
Zhizi (gardenia fruit). Taste bitter, cold. Indicated for evil qi within the five viscera, heat qi in the stomach, facial redness, wine-induced pustules and rosacea, red nose, and white or red leprosy-type sores and ulcers. Also called Mudan. Grows in river valleys.
Hehuan (silk tree, Albizia). Taste sweet, neutral. Mainly calms the five viscera, harmonizes the heart and will, and makes one joyful and free of worry. Taken long-term, lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and grants one's desires. Grows in the mountain valleys of Yizhou.
Qinjiao (Sichuan pepper). Taste pungent, warm. Indicated for wind evil qi; warms the middle, removes cold bi, strengthens the teeth, lengthens the hair, and brightens the eyes. Taken long-term, lightens the body, improves the complexion, delays aging, extends the years, and clears the spirit. Grows in river valleys.
Ziwei (trumpet creeper / Campsis flower). Taste sour, slightly cold. Indicated for women's post-nursing ailments, flooding (profuse uterine bleeding), concretions and blood blockage, and cold-heat with emaciation; nourishes the fetus. Grows in river valleys.
Wuyi (elm fruit paste). Taste pungent. Indicated for evil qi within the five viscera; disperses creeping toxin moving through the skin and joints. Expels the three worms and aids digestion. Also called Wugu; an alternate name is partly illegible in the source text. Grows in river valleys.
Sanggen baipi (mulberry root bark). Taste sweet, cold. Indicated for internal injury, the five taxations and six extremities with emaciation, and flooding with pulse collapse; supplements deficiency and boosts qi. The leaf removes cold-heat and induces sweating. Mulberry ear (fungus growing on the mulberry tree), the black variety, treats women's vaginal discharge with red-and-white fluid, blood disorders, concretions and accumulations with abdominal pain, yin-yang cold-heat, and infertility. The 'five wood ears' (fungi growing on five kinds of trees), also called Ru, boost qi, stave off hunger, lighten the body, and strengthen the will.
Trees and Wood — Lower Grade
Songluo (usnea / tree-moss lichen). Taste bitter, neutral. Indicated for evil qi of anger and rage; stops deficiency sweating, treats wind in the head, and cold swelling pain in women's genitals. Also called Nüluo. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wujia (Acanthopanax). Taste pungent, warm. Indicated for hernia-qi (shan) pain in the heart and abdomen, and abdominal pain; boosts qi and treats lameness. Enables young children to stand and walk early; treats flat welling-sores and erosive sores of the genital region. Also called Chaiqi.
Zhuling (Polyporus umbellatus). Taste sweet, neutral. Indicated for malarial disorders; resolves toxin, gu-toxin and gu-infestation, and inauspicious influences; promotes urination. Taken long-term, lightens the body and delays aging. Also called Jiazhushi (lit. 'boar's dung'). Grows in mountain valleys.
Baiji (white jujube thorn). Taste pungent, cold. Indicated for heart and abdominal pain, and stops pain from welling-abscess with pus and rupture. Also called Jizhen. Grows in river valleys.
Weimao (winged spindle tree, Euonymus alatus). Taste bitter, cold; non-toxic. Indicated for women's flooding with vaginal bleeding, and abdominal fullness with sweating; dispels evil, and kills ghost-toxin and gu-infestation. Also called Guijian (ghost arrow).
Huanghuan. Taste bitter; toxic. Indicated for gu-toxin, ghost-infestation and ghost-possession, and evil qi lodged within the viscera; removes cough with rebellious qi and cold-heat. Also called Lingquan, Dajiu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Shinan (Photinia leaf) — taste pungent, neutral. Nourishes kidney qi, treats internal damage and declining yin, benefits the sinews, bones, skin and hair. The fruit kills gu-poison, breaks up masses and accumulations, and expels wind-bi. Also called Guimu ("ghost eye"). Grows in mountain valleys.
Croton seed (Ba Dou) — taste pungent, warm, toxic. Indicated for cold-damage and warm malaria with chills and fever; breaks up concretions and hardened accumulations; treats retained fluids and phlegm nodules, and distension of the abdomen with fluid swelling. Purges the five viscera and six bowels, opens obstructions, and promotes passage through the water and food pathways; removes necrotic flesh, and eliminates ghost-toxin, gu-poison and evil influences. Kills insects and fish. Also called Bajiao. Grows in river valleys.
Sichuan pepper (Shu Jiao) — taste pungent, warm. Indicated for evil qi with cough and counterflow; warms the middle; expels numbness and dead flesh of the joints and skin, and cold-damp bi pain; directs qi downward. Taken long-term, it keeps the hair from graying, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in river valleys.
Mangcao — taste pungent, warm. Indicated for wind-head disorders, carbuncles and swellings, breast abscess, and hernia-like masses; dispels bound qi, scabies and itching, and deep-rooted sores. Kills insects and fish. Grows in mountain valleys.
Yu kernel (bush-cherry pit) — taste sour, neutral. Indicated for abdominal water swelling, and swelling of the face, eyes, and limbs; promotes urination. The root treats swollen gums and dental caries, and strengthens the teeth. Rhamnus (Shu Li, buckthorn) treats chills-and-fever with scrofula sores. Also called Jueli. Grows in river valleys.
Luan flower (Koelreuteria/goldenrain-tree flower) — taste bitter, cold. Indicated for eye pain with tearing and damage to the canthus; reduces eye swelling. Grows in river valleys.
Manjiao — taste bitter, warm. Indicated for wind-cold-damp bi and pain in the joints throughout the body; dispels counterflow qi in the limbs, and knee pain. Also called Shijiao ("hog pepper"). Grows in river valleys.
Leiwan (Omphalia) — taste bitter, cold. Governs killing the three worms, and expelling toxic qi and heat from the stomach; beneficial for men, not beneficial for women. Made into a rubbing ointment, it treats the hundred diseases of children. Grows in mountain valleys.
Soushu (Deutzia) — taste pungent, cold. Indicated for heat in the skin and body; dispels evil qi; stops enuresis. May be used to make a bathing decoction. Grows in river valleys.
Yaoshi root (the root of Beimu, fritillary bulb) — taste pungent, warm. Indicated for evil qi and various aching bi conditions; mends severed injuries; supplements the bone marrow. Also called Lianmu. (This is the root of Beimu.) Grows in mountain valleys.
Gleditsia pod (Zaojia, Chinese honey-locust pod) — taste pungent, salty, warm. Indicated for wind-bi and numb dead flesh, evil qi, and wind-head with tearing eyes. Opens the nine orifices; kills malevolent spirits. Grows in river valleys.
Lianshi (Melia/chinaberry fruit) — taste bitter, cold. Indicated for warm-disease and cold-damage with high fever, vexation and mania; kills the three worms; treats scabies and sores; promotes urination. (This is the fruit of the Melia tree.) Grows in mountain valleys.
Willow catkin (Liu Hua) — taste bitter, cold. Indicated for wind edema, jaundice, and facial heat with darkening. The leaves treat scabby sores in horses. The fruit treats ruptured carbuncles, expelling pus and blood. Also called Liuxu ("willow floss"). Grows in the river marshes of Langye.
Paulownia leaf (Tong Ye) — taste bitter, cold. Indicated for malignant erosive sores of the genitals. The bark treats the five kinds of hemorrhoids and kills the three worms. The flower, applied to sores on pigs and fed to them, makes them grow three times fatter. Grows in mountain valleys.