灵枢经·水胀 Water Swelling
黄帝问于歧伯曰：水与肤胀、鼓胀、肠覃、石瘕、石水，何以别之？歧伯答曰：水始起也，目窠上微肿，如新卧起之状，其颈脉动，时咳，阴股间寒，足胫肿，腹乃大，其水已成矣。以手按其腹，随手而起，如裹水之状，此其候也。
黄帝曰：肤胀何以候之？歧伯曰：肤胀者，寒气客于皮肤之间，鼕鼕然不坚，腹大，身尽肿，皮厚，按其腹，窅而不起，腹色不变，此其候也。
鼓胀何如？歧伯曰：腹胀身皆大，大与肤胀等也，色苍黄，腹筋起，此其候也。
肠覃何如？歧伯曰：寒气客于肠外，与卫气相搏，气不得荣，因有所系，癖而内著，恶气乃起，瘜肉乃生。其始生也，大如鸡卵，稍以益大，至其成，如怀子之状，久者离岁，按之则坚，推之则移，月事以时下，此其候也。
石瘕何如？歧伯曰：石瘕生于胞中，寒气客于子门，子门闭塞，气不得通，恶血当写不写，衄以留止，日以益大，状如怀子，月事不以时下，皆生于女子，可导而下。
黄帝曰：肤胀鼓胀，可刺邪？歧伯曰：先写其胀之血络，后调其经，刺去其血血络也。
Huangdi asked Qibo: "How does one distinguish water swelling (shuizhang) from skin swelling (fuzhang), drum distension (guzhang), intestinal accumulation (changtan), stone conglomeration (shijia), and stone water (shishui)?" Qibo replied: "When water swelling first begins, there is slight swelling above the eye sockets, as if one had just risen from sleep; the neck vessel throbs, there is occasional coughing, cold is felt between the inner thighs, the feet and shins swell, and then the abdomen becomes large — at this point the water has fully formed. If one presses the abdomen with the hand, it rises back up as the hand is withdrawn, as though water were wrapped within — this is its sign."
Huangdi said: "How does one recognize skin swelling?" Qibo said: "In skin swelling, cold qi lodges between the skin and flesh, producing a hollow drumming sound without firmness; the abdomen is large, the entire body is swollen, and the skin is thickened. When one presses the abdomen, it stays depressed and does not rise back up, and the color of the abdomen does not change — this is its sign."
"What of drum distension?" Qibo said: "In drum distension, the abdomen is distended and the whole body is enlarged, its size equal to that of skin swelling, but the complexion is greenish-yellow and the abdominal veins stand out — this is its sign."
"What of intestinal accumulation?" Qibo said: "Cold qi lodges outside the intestines and contends with the defensive qi; the qi cannot flow to nourish that place, and so becomes fixed and attached there, forming an accumulation lodged within. Malign qi then arises, and a fleshy excrescence is generated. At its onset it is as large as a hen's egg; gradually it grows larger, until, once fully formed, it resembles pregnancy. In a case of long standing it may persist for more than a year. When pressed it is firm, when pushed it moves, and the woman's monthly courses still come at their proper time — this is its sign."
"What of stone conglomeration?" Qibo said: "Stone conglomeration arises within the uterus. Cold qi lodges in the gate of the womb, so that the gate of the womb becomes closed and blocked, and the qi cannot pass through. Malign blood that should be discharged is not discharged; it collects and stagnates, remaining fixed in place, and grows larger day by day, taking on the appearance of pregnancy. The monthly courses fail to come at their proper time. This condition arises only in women, and can be treated by guiding the stagnant blood downward and out."
Huangdi said: "Can skin swelling and drum distension be treated by needling?" Qibo said: "First drain the blood in the network vessels of the distended area, and afterward regulate the channels — needle and remove the stagnant blood from the blood network vessels."